| A | B |
|---|
| role of parietal ac | attend to external stimuli or internal motivation |
| role of temporal ac | identify significance of such stimuli |
| role of frontal ac | plan meaningful responses to these stimuli |
| role of association cortices | cognition |
| cognition | the ability to attend to external stimuli or internal motivation; to identify the significance of such stimuli; and to make appropriate responses. |
| neocortex | most of the cortex that covers the cerebral hemisphres, has six layer. each layer comprises more or less distincitve poopulations of cells based on their differnet densities, sizes, shapes, inputs, and outputs |
| cytoarchitectonic areas | subdivisions of the cerebral cortex with regional differences based on these laminar features |
| the circuitry of all cortical regions have these common features | o Each cortical layer has a primary source of inputs and primary output target o Each area has connections in the vertical axis (called columnar or radial connections) and connections in the horizontal axis (called lateral or horizontal connections) o Cells with similar functions tend to be arrayed in radically aligned groups that span all the cortical layers and receive inputs that are often segregated into radial bands or columns. o Internuerons within specific cortical layers give rise to extensive local axons that extend horizontally in the cortex, often linking functionally similar groups of cells |
| the input to association cortex-projectin nuclei comes from... | other regions of the cortex. In consequence, the signals coming into the association cortices via the thalamus reflect sensory and motor info that has already been processed in the primary sensory and motor areas of the cerebral cortex, and is being fed back into the association regions |
| lesions of the parietal association cortex | contralateral neglect syndrome: o An inability to attend to objects, or even one’s own body, in a portion of space, despite the fact that visual acuity, somatic sensation, and motor ability remain intact, affected individuals fail to report, respond to, or even orient to stimuli presented to the side of the body (or visual space) opposite the lesion. typically associated with damage to the right parietal cortex) |
| lesions to temporal ac | agnosias: difficulty recognizing, identifying, and naming different categories of objects. acknowledge the presence of a stimulus, but are unable to report what it is. |
| proopagnosia | inability to recognize and identify faces. |
| lesions to frontal ac | impiared restraint, disordered thought, preservatoin (repetions of the same behavior, and the inability to plan appropriate action. |
| 2 reasons why brain size doesn't describe intelligence | o Obvious difficulty of defining and accurately measuring intelligence, particularly among humans with different educational and cultural backgrounds o The functional diversity and connectional complexity of the brain • Any program that seeks to relate brain weight, cranial capacity, or some other measure of overall brain size to individual performance ignores the reality of the brains functional diversity |
