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| bioogy | study of life |
| scientific method | hypothesis, research, experiment, conclusion |
| Independent variable | variable that is being tested, always plotted on the X axis |
| dependent variabel | variable that is measured at the end of an experiment , always plotted on the Y axis |
| theories | a broad explanation of natural events that is supported by strong evidence. |
| Microscopes | tool that provides an enlarged of an object |
| length | measured in feet, and inches |
| mass | measured in grams |
| temperature | measured in Fahrenheit |
| volume | measured in liters |
| metabolism | all chemical processes that synthesize or break down materials within an organism |
| autotrophs | make their own food |
| heteroptrophs | eat other organisms |
| homostasis | regulations and maintenance of constant internal conditions within an organism |
| photosynthesis | is carried out by plants. It takes the radiant energy of the sun and puts it in bonds of sugar molecules. Occurs mostly in chloroplast of plant cell. |
| stomates | small holes in their leave that let them exchange the gasses used in photosynthesis |
| Guard cells | open and closes the stomates |
| Respiration | organisms get energy by breaking the bonds of sugar molecules of ATP, which givers all organisms their energy |
| Aerobic respiration | requires oxygen, and yields more ATP (energy) for a molecule of sugar (no oxygen) respiration. |
| diffusion | movement of molecules from high concentration to low concentration |
| Active transport | requires the use of energy, usually moving molecules from a low concentration to a high concentration |
| osmosis | is the diffusion of water into or out of the cell.If water diffuses into the cell, the cell swells (get larger) and may bust. If it loses water(being put in salt water for example) it will shrivel up |
| cell membrane | made up of lipids and proteins |
| cells | are the basic unit of life. All living things (except viruses ) are made of cells. |
| Ph scale | measures the strengths of acids and base |
| acid | a low PH |
| base | A high PH |
| cell wall | rigid structure that gives protection support, and shape to cells in plants, algae, fungi, and bacteria |
| nucleus | organelle composed of a double membrane that acts as the store house for most of a cells DNA |
| chloroplast | organelle composed of numerous membranes that are used in to convert solar energy into chemical energy |
| cytoplasm | jellylike substance inside cells that contains molecules ad in some cell organelles |
| ribosome | organelle that links amino acids together to form proteins |
| vacuole | organelle that is used to store materials, such as water, food, or enzymes, that are needed by the cell. |
| mitochondria | bean shaped organelle that supplies energy to the cell and has its own ribosomes and DNA |
| enzmes | are catalyst- they affect the rates of chemical reaction |
| lock and key model | one type of enzyme fits one type of molecule. Change its shape and the enzyme will no longer work. |
| jobs of a protein | 1. make enzymes 2. make receptors molecules on the cell membrane. 3. Make antibiotics 4. make hormones |
| proteins | are made from amino acids. they make up hormones and many body and cell structures. |
| lipids | store energy and include fats, oils and waxes |
| carbohydrates | are sugars and starches |
| organic compounds | have carbon and hydrogen . They are usually also larger than inorganic molecules |
| Chemistry | the most common elements in living things are carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and Nitrogen (CHON) |
| observastion | what is seen or measured |
| Inference | A conclusion based on observation or evidence |
| hypothesis | An untested prediction. good hypothesis states If -Then |
| Controlled experiment | compares the results of an experiment between 2 or more |
| experimental group | group being tested or receiving treatment |
| placebo | a sugar pill of other fake treatment give to the control group so subjects do not know which group they are in. |
| food chains | model that links organisms by their feeding relationship |
| food web | model that shows the complex netwrk of feeding relationships within an ecosystem. |
| bitotic | living things such as plants animals fungi, and bacteria |
| abiotic | nonliving factor |
| limiting factos | in an ecosystem such as moisture, temperature, wind, sunlight, soil, and minerals. |
| protons | a positive electrical charge |
| meutrons | neutral |
| electrons | have negative electrical charge |
| atomic number | numbers of protons in the nucleus of an element |
| ionic bond | forms through the electrical force between oppositely charged ions |
| covalent bonds | forms when atoms share a pair of electrons |
| solutes | is a substance that dissolves in a solvent |
| solvents | is the substance that is present in the greater amount and that dissolves in another solution |
| solutions | is a mixture of substance that is the same throughout |
| acid | is a compound that releases a proton a hydrogen |
