| A | B |
|---|
| affective domain | emotional issues and factors in human behavior |
| self-esteem | knowledge of oneself, usually categorized into global, situational/specific, and task |
| attribution theory | how people explain the causes of their own successes and failures |
| willingness to communicate (WTC) | an underlying continuum representing the predisposition toward or away from communicating, given a choice |
| inhibition | apprehension over one's self-identity or fear of showing self-doubt, leading to building mechanisms of protective self-defense |
| language ego | the identity a person develops in reference to the language he or she speaks |
| risk taking | willingness to try out hunches about a language with the possibility of being wrong |
| trait anxiety | a relatively permanent predisposition to worry about a number of things |
| state anxiety | a relatively temporary feeling of worry experienced in relation to some particular event or act |
| language anxiety | a feeling of worry experienced in relation to a foreign language, either trait or state in nature |
| debilitative anxiety | feelings of worry that are perceived as detrimental to one's self-effacacy or that hinder one's performance |
| facilitative anxiety | the beneficial effects of apprehension over a task to be accomplished |
| linguistic coding deficit hypothesis | the claim that anxiety in a foreign language class could be the result of difficulties students may have with first language "codes" (phonological, syntactic, lexical, semantic features) |
| empathy | reaching beyond the self to understand what another person is thinking or feeling |
| sympathy | understanding what another person is thinking or feeling; agreement or harmony between individuals is implied |
| extroversion | the extent to which a person has a deep-seated need to receive ego enhancement, self-esteem, and a sense of wholeness from other people |
| introversion | the extent to which a person derives a sense of wholeness and fulfillment from within, apart from a reflection of this self from other people |
| motivation | the anticipation of reward; choices made about goals to pursue and the effort exerted in their completion |
| instrumental orientation | acquiring a language as a means for achieving a goal such as getting a degree, furthering a career, reading material, etc. |
| integrative orientation | learning a language in order to join a second language group and become involved in social interchange in that group |
| assimulative orientation | learning a language in order to form a long-term identity with the culture of a second language group, possibly at the expense of losing one's original cultural identity |
| intrinsic motivation | choices made and effort expended on activities for which there is no apparent reward except the activity itself |
| extrinsic motivation | choices made and effort expended on activities in anticipation of a reward from outside and beyond the self |
| self-actualization | reaching the pinnacle of one's potential; the culmination of human attainment |
| flow theory | school of thought that highlights the importance of an experimental state characterized by intense focus and involvement that leads to improved performance on a task |
| sustained deep learning (SDL) | the kind of learning that requires an extended period of time to achieve goals |
