| A | B |
|---|
| Rocks | made of a mixture of minerals and other materials |
| porphyritic texture | an igneous rock texture in which large crystals are scattered on a background of much smaller crystals |
| igneous rocks | rocks that form from the cooling of magma or lava at the surface of the earth |
| metamorphic rocks | rocks that form from an existing rock that is changed by heat, pressure or chemical reactions |
| extrusive rock | igneous rock that form from lava that erupted onto the earth's surface |
| Granite | the most abundant intrusive rock, also the most common igneous rock |
| coarse grained rock | when all the grains in a rock are large and easy to see usually caused by slow cooling |
| deposition | the process by which sediment settles out of the water or wind carrying it |
| cementation | the process in which dissolved minerals crystallize and glue particles of sediments together |
| Shale | the sedimentary rock formed when water deposits tny particles of clay in very thin, flat layers |
| clastic rock | a sedimentary rock formed when rock fragments are squeezed together |
| Organic rocks | forms where remains of plants and animals are deposited in thick layers, example is chalk formed from skeletons of microscopic living things in the ocean |
| foliated | metamorphic rock that has grains arranged in parallel layers |
| non-foliated | metamorphic rocks that do not split into layers |
| rock cycle | the process that slowly changes rock from one kind to another |
| basalt | the most common extrusive rock |
| sediment | the small particles of rock or the remains of living things making up sedimentary rocks |
| grain | particle of a mineral that gives rocks its texture |
| sandstone | an example of sedimentary rock |
| obsidian | example of igneous rock |
