| A | B |
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| Considering the way the Efe live, why might they need to limit their groups to 50 members or less? | A larger group would use up an area's resources too quickly and have to move more often. |
| What advantages might an age-set system have for a society? | People belong to a group of their peers; there is a recognition of important milestones; there are clear expectations for different stages oflife; every age group has importance. |
| What was the main effect of Almohad rule on the Maghrid? | It unified the region through Islamic teaching. |
| What were positive and negative effects of the king's control of trade? | Positive- weighed goods fairly, did business according to law, kept prace of gold up; Negative- taxed traders for goods. |
| Why would the disruption of trade destroy Ghana's power? | Because Ghana's power was based on wealth gained from controling trade. |
| Why might the people who had been conquered by Mali want to break away? | Because they resented being controlled by Mali; because they wanted to take over trade for themselves. |
| In your own words, restate the main reason that the Hausa did not develop an empire. | They developed several city states of roughly equal power and fought constantly; none was able to dominate the others. |
| In what ways are hunting-gathering societies and stateless societies similar? | Both are based on extended family systems; neither has a chief or centralized authority; both try to talk out conflicts. |
| Compare the Mali Empire and the Songhaie Empire. | Mali: revived gold-salt trade, had strict judicial system, built mosques, visited by Ibn Battuta. Both: controlled Timbuktu, had strong leaders, created Muslim empire, dominated trade. Songhai: broke away from Mali; had war canoes, mobile horseback fighters, and strong centralized government. |
| Which of the two-the Toruba people or the people on Benin- had more influence on the other? Explain. | The Yoruba people had more influence- their kingdoms flourished earlier; Benin's kings claimed descent from a Yoruba king; Benin's artists claimed to have learned from Yoruba artists. |
| What were the two main reasons Kilwa became so wealthy? | Its favorable location caused trade to funnel into the city; It controlled Sofala and its gold trade. |
| Name the four types of people who decided legal matters and what type of cases they judged. | The Qadi judged religious cases; the wazirs and amirs judged nonreligious cases; the Sultan (or Shaikh) judged cases that were specially referred to him. |
| How extensive was the trade in enslaved persons from East Africa before 1700? | Although it was widespread geographically, the numbers were small compared to those after 1700. |
| Why do you think the Poruguese wanted to conquer the Mutapa Empire/ | To get control of the gold trade. |
| Compare the Portuguese who arrived in East Africa with the rulers of the Mutapa Empire. | Both were conquerors; both were interested in dominating trade and aquiring wealth; both tried to force other groups to do what they wanted. |
| How is a dispute settled in Efe society? | Older male serves as group leader, offering opinions, but every family makes its own decisions; members resolve arguments through long discussions. |
| What is an age-set system? | Society is organized by groups of individuals who are roughly the same age; these groups go through life stages together and ha ve clearly defined responsibilities for each stage. |
| How were the beginnings of the Almoravid and Almohad empires similar? | Both were begun by Muslim reformers. |
| What accounted for Ghana's fincial success? | It regulated and taxed the gold-salt trade. |
| Name two ways Islam spread through Africa. | By conquest, through trade. |
| Describe the economy of the Hausa city-states. | It was based on both agriculture and trade; trade goods include salt, grain, cotton cloth, leather goods, enslaved persons, harnesses, guns. |
| How did the Swahili language evolve? | The mixing of Arabic-speaking and Bantu-speaking peoples eventually created a third language, Swahili. |
| Why was it important for Kilwa to control Sofala? | To control the gold trade. |
| Who was most affected by the introduction of Islam to East Africa? | Rulers, government officials, and wealthy merchants-especially on the coast. |
| What was the relationship of Great Zimbabwe to the Mutapa Empire? | Great Zimbabwe came first. A man named Mutota left the area, traveled north, and founded the Mutapa Empire, which eventually included most of Zimbabwe. |
