| A | B |
|---|
| Chapter 1: Italy | birthplace of the Renaissance due to patrons of the arts and wealthy traders |
| Chapter 1: patrons | wealthy supporters of the arts such as the Medici family |
| Chapter 1: Machiavelli | wrote the Prince; the "end justifies the means" for absolute rulers |
| Chapter 1: Martin Luther | wrote the 95 theses; against the indulgences of the Catholic Church |
| Chapter 1: Gutenberg | inventor of the printing press |
| Chapter 1: printing press | vocab term: helped to spread new Renaissance and religious ideas |
| Chapter 1: Henry VIII | king that broke with Rome to get an annulment |
| Chapter 1: Protestant Reformation | the time when Martin Luther and others first tried to reform the Catholic Church but then started the Protestant faiths |
| Chapter 1: annul | to end a marriage such as Henry VIII |
| Chapter 1: recant | vocab term: Martin Luther was ordered to take back his words against the Catholic Church |
| Chapter 1: perspective | Renaissance art technique- 3d |
| Chapter 1: heresy | speaking out against the Church; example Bloody Mary of England had heretics burned at the stake |
| Cahpter 1: Elizabeth I | daughter of Henry VIII; Protestant Queen of England |
| Chapter 1: Da Vinci | Renaissance artist; Mona Lisa |
| Chapter 4: Glorious Revolution | bloodless transfer of power to William and Mary; had to sign the English Bill of Rights |
| Chapter 4: William and Mary | first limited monarchs of England |
| Chapter 4: Philip II of Spain | Catholic King; fought with Elizabeth during the failed Armada attack |
| Chapter 4: Louis XIV of France | Sun King; built Versailles; absolute ruler |
| Chapter 4: Maria Theresa of Austria | female absolute ruler of Austria; reformer |
| Chapter 4: Catherine the Great | achieved a warm water port for Russia |
| Chapter 4: Peter the Great | goal was to Westernize Russia and tried for a warm water port |
| Chapter 4: absolute monarch | a ruler with complete authority |
| Chapter 4: divine right | power to rule absolutely came from God |
| Chapter 4: limited monarchy | a monarch with limited power |
| Chapter 4: Magna Carta | first attempt to limit the power of the King of England in 1215 |
| Chapter 5: John Locke | Enlightenment philosopher; life, liberty, property |
| Chapter 5: laissez faire economics | a hands off approach to economics; free exchange of goods will help all; Adam Smith |
| Chapter 6: 3 estates in France | clergy, nobles, everyone else |
| Chapter 6: Reign of Terror | Radical phase of the French Revolution was called this; Robespierre |
| Chapter 6: Napoleon | dictator/Emperor of France; Napoleonic Code of Reforms |
| Chapter 6: Waterloo | Napoleon's final defeat by the British |
| Chapter 6: Congress of Vienna | peace conference after Napoleon; put the map back to before Napoleon |
| Chapter 6: Bastille | prison; start of French Revolution |
| Chapter 6: Battle of Russia | Napoleon's biggest mistake to invade this country; this was the beginning of his downfall |
| Chapter 5: Enlightenment | time of thought and reason; main ideas were democracy and equality |
| Chapter 1: Shakespeare | Northern Renaissance playwright |
| Chapter 1: Copernicus | Renaissance scientist; heliocentric theory |
| Chapter 1: humanism | Renaissance idea; to focus on worldly things istead of only religious beliefs |
