| A | B |
|---|
| element- def | a pure sub. That cannot be separated |
| pure substance -def | a sub. With only one type of particle |
| pure substance - ex | elements and compounds |
| can a pure sub be divided into simpler sub? | yes, compounds |
| Charicterisic properties -def | properties that do not depend on the amount of material |
| Charicterisic properties -ex | boiling point, melting point, density |
| What are the tree categories of element | metal, nometal and metalloid |
| metal - def/properties | an element that is shiny, malleable and a good conductor |
| most elements belong to what category? | metal |
| nonmetal- def/properties | an element that is dull, brittle and a bad conductor |
| what are some examples of non metals ? | oxygen and carbon |
| metalloids -def/ properties | elements that can be shiny and conduct when mixed w/ other things |
| is a metalloid a mixture? | no it is an element it just has properties that come from other categories |
| What are exmples of metalloids? | silicon, boron and antimony |
| compound-def | a pure substance made of two or more elements chemically combined |
| periodic table | the list of every known element. |
| compound examples | carbon dioxide, water, ammonia |
| do the elements in a compound keep their properties? | no , compounds have new properties that are not like the elements that make them up |
| ratio | a number that is like a fraction that shows how the amount of one thing compares to the amount of something else. For example there is a ratio of 2 feet for every duck 2:1 |
| how do compounds combine? | in set ratios. if the ratio of one element changes in a compund, it is a different compound. For example in water the ratio is 2 hydrogen to on oxygen. If it becomes 2 hydrogen to 2 oxyegen it becomes hydrogen peroxide. |
| How do I know if it is a compound? | the items in the substance are chemically combined. That means they had a reaction in order to form. They also need to have a reaction to break apart. |
| reaction | when two substances chemically combine. Clues include, catching fire, heating up or cooling off ( by its-self) releasing a gas ( bubbles) changing color, changing odor, or giving off light. |
| mixture (def) | when two or more substances are mixed together but are not chemically bonded together. |
| mixture ex | pizza, salad, koolaid, shaving cream, jello, muddy water, snow globe. Chicken noodle soup. |
| do mixtures have ratios? | no. there are no ratios in mixtures if there were there would be a set number of pepperonis that could be on a pizza. Extra peperoni would not exist! |
| distillation | a process that separates mixtures based on boiling points. This process is especially good at separating water from something else. |
| magnet | a tool that can be used to separate mixtures that have iron or other magnetic metals in them. |
| do substances in a mixture keep their properties. | yes. You can taste both salt and water in a mixture of saltwater. |
| centrifuge | a tool that spins test tubes really fast. This forces things that are more dense in a mixture to the bottom. |
| filter | a piece of paper with really small holes that lets some things pass through and not others. |
| homogenious | a word that is usally used with mixtures but applies to compounds ans elements too. It means the substance looks the same througout |
| heterogenoius | a word that is used with mixtures that means you can see different pieces in the mixture, it is not the same throughout. |
| what mixtures are homogenious? | solutions and colloids |
| solution | a homogenius mixture where one substance dissolves in another. The pieces are so tiny that they can not be seen and they do not reflect light. |
| soluble | the ability to break in to really tiny pieces in a substance. |
| alloy | a solution made from 2 solids. The solids are melted, mixed and then cooled, brass, and steel are alloys |
| solubility | the amount of solute needed to form a saturated solution |
| solute | in a solution the substance that there is less of. |
| solvent | in a solution the substance that ther is more of |
| saturated solution | a solution that is holding the maximum amount of solute it can hold. |
| colloid | a homogenius mixture that has really small pieces that do not settle out. But the pieces are big enough to scatter light |
| suspension | a heterogenious mixture that has big pieces. The pieces either can settle out or can be filtered to separate them |
| solution examples | salt water, kool aid, brass, air |
| colloid examples | jello, fog, some body washes, milk, shaving cream |
| suspension examples | muddy water, snow globe, italian dressing, anything that you have to shake before using. |
| Physical Means Example | Filtering, ripping, melting, and cuttin |
| Chemical Means Example | Burning, electrolysis |
| Brittle | breaks easily |
| Reaction | When two substances chemically combine. |
| Electrolysis | The process of passing electricity through a substance to break it up |
