| A | B |
|---|
| Plessy v. Ferguson | Supreme Court case that declared segregation LEGAL; "separate but equal" doctrine |
| Booker T. Washington | African American leader who encouraged blacks to focus on economic opportunity rather than demands for civil rights |
| W.E.B. DuBois | African American leader who led demands for civil and political rights; helped found NAACP |
| Tuskeegee Institute | founded by Booker T. Washington to offer vocational and teacher training for blacks |
| Atlanta Compromise Speech | given by Washington to encourage cooperation between whites and blacks, and focus attention on economic opportunities for blacks |
| Niagara Movement | early civil rights movement; led to founding of NAACP |
| NAACP | National Association of the Advancement of Colored People; leading civil rights organization in US history |
| methods used to prevent blacks from voting | literacy tests, poll taxes, lynching |
| de jure segregation | segregation by law (like Jim Crow laws) |
| de facto segregation | segregation by choice or by custom |
| Jim Crow laws | laws in South requiring social segregation of races |
| disenfranchisement | taking away the right to vote |
| grandfather clause | means by which poor whites were exempted from literacy tests |
| Great Migration | mass movement of African Americans from South to North - especially Harlem, NYC |
