| A | B |
|---|
| genetics | study of how traits are passed from parent to offspring |
| heredity | set of characteristics an offspring gets from its parents |
| chromosomes | sections of DNA that contain genes |
| gene | small section of a chromosome that determines a trait |
| trait | characteristic, freckles are an example |
| allele | different forms of a gene |
| dominant allele | gene that always shows a trait, represented by a capital letter |
| recessive allele | gene that may by hidden, represented by a lower case letter |
| pure dominant | organism with two dominant alleles |
| homozygous dominant | organism with two dominant alleles |
| pure recessive | organism with two recessive alleles |
| homozygous recessive | organism with two recessive alleles |
| heterozygous | organism with one dominant and one recessive allele |
| Punnett Square | way that shows which genes can combine when an egg and a sperm join |
| phenotype | form of a trait that an organism shows |
| genotype | genetic combination in an organisms' s cells |
| Gregor Mendel | father of genetics |
| P generation | parent generation |
| F1 generation | generation that showed the dominant trait, had a heterozygous genotype |
| segregation | separation of two alleles, occurs during meiosis |
| independent assortment | genes separate independently |
| incomplete dominance | neither allele is dominant over the other so trait shown is a blending of both alleles |
| example of incomplete dominance | red and white flowers are crossed and pink offspring result |
| Blood Types in humans | an example of incomplete dominance and multiple alleles determining a trait |
| AA or AO | genotype that results in type A blood |
| BB or BO | genotype that results in type B blood |
| OO | genotype that results in type O blood |
| AB | genotype that results in type AB blood |
| sex chromosomes | X or Y chromosome |
| autosome | all other chromosomes (22 pairs in humans) |
| XX | genotype of a female |
| XY | genotype of a male |
