| A | B |
| Republic | Citizens who have a right to vote select their leaders. |
| Patrician | A member of a wealthy family. |
| Plebeian | A name for ordinary citizens. |
| Consul | Two chief officials officially called consuls led the government. |
| Veto | The rejection of any planned action by a person in power. |
| Dictator | A Roman official who had all the powers of a king, but could hold office for only six months. |
| Province | An area of the Roman Empire that had a Roman governor supported by an army. |
| Colosseum | The site of contests and combats between people and people and animals. |
| Aqueduct | Structures that carried water over long distances. |