| A | B |
|---|
| stalemate | a deadlock |
| Archduke Franz Ferdinand | heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne |
| Woodrow Wilson | US president during World War 1; author of the "14 Points"; originated the concept of The League Of Nations |
| neutrality | the act of remaining impartial |
| Triple Alliance | defensive treaty between Germany, Italy, and Austria-Hungary before WWI |
| Triple Entente | Defensive treaty between France, Russia, and Great Britain before WWI |
| Central Powers | Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, and Ottoman Empire (Turkey) in WWI |
| Allied Powers | Great Britain, France, Russia, Belgium, Rumania, Greece, Serbia, Montenegro, and Japan, and later US |
| Great War | name for WWI at the time it was fought |
| "Miracle on the Marne" | name given to the Br. and Fr. victory that haulted Germans in the west |
| trench warfare | style of WWI fighting in which both sides dug into a protected line of deep ditches and fought from these |
| "no man's land" | the stretch of ground between opposing trenches (about 90 yrds. of ground) |
| U-Boats | name for German submarines |
| propaganda | the spreading of ideas and messages that promote one cause and hurt another |
| pacifists | people who are against war under any circumstances |
| armistice | truce |
| Lusitania | British British passenger ship sunk by Germans; 128 americans die; causes shift in US public opinion against Germany |
| Sussex Pledge | German response to Wilson's warning he would break off relations w/ Germany; Germany promised to warn passenger & merchant ships before sub attack; helped temporarily improve relations w/ Germany |
| National Defense Act | doubled size of US army |
| Naval Appropriations Act | provided money to build warships |
| Council of National Defense | formed to direct & control supply of nation's industries & natural resources to prepare for war |
| Zimmerman Note | diplomatic note intercepted by British intelligence from Germans to Mexicans telling them if they would fight w/ Germans they would get TX, Calif., NMex & Arizona |
| Selective Service Act | law passed creating a draft for WWI |
| American Expeditionary Force | AEF; official name of US army in WWI |
| doughboys | nickname for US soldiers in WWI |
| John J, Pershing | US general who led US troops in WWI; nicknamed Black Jack Pershing |
| War Revenue Act | law passed in 1917 making income taxes a major source of revenue during WWI |
| Liberty Loan Act | allowed US to lend Allies money to buy food & supplies from US |
| Food Administration | federal agency set up to make sure there would be enough food for everyone, at home and overseas |
| Espionage Act | law passed in june 1917 setting fines and prison terms for anyone who helped the enemy, got in the way of recruiting, or caused others to refuse military service; also allowed confiscation of any mail that criticized the war effort. |
| Sedition Act | made it illegal to say disloyal statements about the constitution, the government, the flag, and the armed forces. |
| Commitee on Public Information | commitee created by Wilson to sell the war to America. |
| Belleau Wood | major Allied victory by AEF that was the turning point in the war for the Allies. |
| Armistice Day | name given to the day Germans signed truce to end World War 1; 11/11/1918 |
| self-determination | the right of the people of a nation to decide how they want to be governed |
| reparations | payments for war damages |
| Fourteen Points | Wilson's plan for peace; included the formation of the League of Nations |
| Big Four | the 4 major victorious Allies in WWI; GB, FR, Italy & US |
| David Lloyd George | GB's Prime Minister; led GB's delegation to Paris Peace talks |
| Georges Clemenceau | French Premier; led French delegation to Paris Peace talks |
| Vittorio Orlando | Italian Premier; led Italian delegation to Paris Peace talks |
| Treaty of Versailles | formally ended WWI; signed by all major participants except US & Russia; incorporated League of Nations; terms of the treaty responsible for WWII |
| Polish Corridor | land given by Germany to give new nation of Poland a seaport (Danzig); split state of E. Prussia from rest of Germany |
| War Guilt Clause | part of Treaty of Versailles that forced Germans to admit sole responsibility for WWI |
| USSR | Unionof Soviet Socialist Republics; new name of Russia after the Communist (Bolshevik) take over; signed a separate treaty (Brest-Litvosk) w/ CP |
| Henry Cabot Lodge | led Senate oppostion to Treaty of Versailles/League of Nations |
