| A | B |
|---|
| genetics | the scientific study of herredity |
| true-breeding | if the peas were allowed to self polinate, they would produce offspring identical to themselves |
| trait | a specific characteristic, such as seed color or plant height, that varies from one individual to another |
| hybrid | the offspring of crosses between parents with different traits |
| gene | the chemical factors that determine traits |
| allele | the different forms of a gene |
| segregation | separating apart |
| gamete | the sex cells |
| probability | the liklihood that a particular event will occur |
| Punnett square | a diagram that can determine the gene combinations that might result from a genetic cross |
| homozygous | organisms that have two idenical alleles for a particular trait |
| heterozygous | organisms that have two different alleles for the same trait |
| phenotype | physical characteristics |
| genotype | genetic makeup |
| independent assortment | genes for different traits can segregate independently during the formation of gametes |
| incomplete dominance | cases in which one allele is not completely dominant over another are called incomplete dominance |
| codominance | both alleles contribute to the phenotype of the organism |
| multiple alleles | genes that have more than two alleles |
| polygenic traits | traits controlled by two or more genes |
| homologous | each of the four chromosomes that came from the male parent has a corresponding chromosome from the female parent |
| diploid | a cell that contains both sets of homologous chromosomes |
| haploid | contain only a single set of chromosomes |
| meiosis | a process of reduction division in which the number of chromosomes per cell is cut in half through the separation of homologous chromosomes in a diploid cell |
| tetrad | a structure in which each chromosome pairs with its corresponding homologous chromosome |
| crossing-over | results in the exchange of alleles between homologous chromosomes and produces new combinations of alleles |
| gene map | the relative locations of each known gene |
