| A | B |
|---|
| hydrophobic | substances that repel water |
| hydrophilic | substances that attract water |
| hydrogen bonds | bonding between polar molecules |
| adhesion | when water molecules bond to other substances |
| cohesion | when water molecules bond to each other |
| capillary action | when water climbs up other substances |
| surface tension | cohesion that allows for objects with low mass to float on water |
| polarity | when a molecule has a slightly positive and slightly negative end |
| flood tide | incoming tide |
| ebb tide | outgoing tide |
| tidal range | difference between high tide and low tide |
| spring tide | larger than normal tides due to linear alignment of sun and moon |
| neap tides | smaller than normal tides due to perpendicular alignment of sun and moon |
| wavelength | distance from a point on a wave to the exact point on the next wave |
| trough | low point on a wave |
| crest | high point on a wave |
| amplitude | height of the wave; energy carrying component |
| wave interference | when two waves combine to cancel each other out or amplify each other |
| swells | long, rounded ocean waves |
| seas | choppy, short ocean waves |
| breaks | ocean waves whose tops topple over due to increasing shallowness |
| Coriolis Effect | curvature of currents and winds due to the earth's rotation |
| fetch | distance across wind blows to create waves |
| gyres | bulging centers of spinning water on a large scale |
| ekman transport | spiraling transport of water below the surface |
| upwelling | rising of cold, nutrient filled water to the surface due to removal of surface water |
| thermohaline circulation | circulation of nutrient rich water due to heat currents and differences in salt density |
| surface currents | local currents driven by wind |
| deep currents | global currents found near the ocean floor |
| rip currents | aggressive local current that moves away from the coastline |
| longshore currents | currents created by incoming waves that run parallel to the coastline |
| tidal bore | wave created by incoming tide in a narrowing body of water |
| tidal surge | a rise in tides usually due to an incoming storm |
| tsunami | tidal wave usually created by earthquakes |
| eukaryote | an organism whose cells contain nuclei |
| prokaryote | an organism whose cells do not have nuclei |
| autotroph | an organism that can produce its own nutrients |
| heterotroph | an organism that needs to ingest its own nutrients |
| bacteria | an unicellular organism, smallest living organism on the planet |
| cyanobacteria | bacteria that uses photosynthesis |
| algae | plant-like protist |
| plankton | free floating living organisms |
| cilia | hair-like structures used for cellular movement |
| flagellum | whip-like structures used for cellular movement |
| pseudopodia | cytoplasmic extensions used for cellular movement |
| amoeboid cells | cells found in sponges used for transport |
| osculum | opening at the top of sponges |
| collar cells | cells found in sponges responsible for capturing and digesting food |
| spongocoel | interior chamber of a sponge |
| spicules | structures found in sponges made of silica or calcium |
| ectoderm | exterior layer of a cnidarian |
| endoderm | interior layer of a cnidarian |
| mesoglea | gelatinous interior of a cnidarian |
| nematocysts | stinging cells |
| nerve net | primitive nervous system found in cnidarians |
| medusa | cnidarian body form in which tentacles hang below a bell |
| polyp | cnidarian body form in which tentacles extend from a non-motile body |
| radula | scraping tooth structure found in mollusks |
| coelem | internal body cavity that houses vital organs |
| foot | muscular extension found in mollusks |
| mantle | muscular encasing found in mollusks |
| tentacle | arm-like extension found in cnidarians and mollusks |
| siphon/funnel | structure used for feeding or jet propulsion |
| Kingdom Monera | kingdom of unicellular, prokaryotic, autotrophic organisms |
| Bilateral Symmetry | symmetry that divides an object into two identical halves |
| Radial Symmetry | symmetry that revolves around a central axis |
| Asymmetry | lack of symmetry |
| Amorphous | lack of a definable and consistent shape or form |
| Kingdom Protista | uni-cellular or multicellular, animal or plant like, autotrophic or heterotrophic, eukaryotic organisms |
| Kingdom Fungi | multicellular, heterotrophic, non-motile organisms |
| Kingdom Plantae | multicellular, photosynthetic, autotrophic, eukaryotic organisms |
| Kingdom Animalia | multicellular, eukaryotic, heterotrophic organisms |
| Phylum Porifera | phylum defined by amorphous filter feeders with cell based specialization |
| Class Hexactinellida | class of sponges defined by spicules made of silica and a rigid structure |
| Class Demospongia | class of sponges defined by a body structure made mostly of spongin |
| Class Calcarea | class of sponges defined by spicules made of a calcium compound |
| Phylum Cnidaria | phylum defined by gelatinous organisms that exhibit radial symmetry and the presence of stinging cells |
| Class Anthozoa | class of cnidarians who are defined by living mostly in the polyp form, includes coral and sea anemones |
| Class Scyphozoa | class of cnidarians who are defined by living mostly in the medusa stage, includes the typical jellyfish |
| Class Hydrozoa | class of cnidarians who live as a free-floating colony, capable of creating a structure called a float, includes Portuguese man-o-war |
| Phylum Ctenophora | phylum defined by a medusa-like shape, cilia, and both a mouth and anal pore |
| Phylum Platyhelminthes | phylum of "flatworms" |
| Phylum Nemertea | phylum of "ribbon worms" |
| Phylum Nematoda | phylum of "round worms" |
| Phylum Annelida | phylum of "segmented worms" |
| Phylum Mollusca | phylum of soft body organism which sometime exhibit the following structures: mantle, tentacles, radula, shells, foot, and mantle |
| Class Gastropoda | class of mollusks who tend to slither along the ground, defined by a radula, includes snails and sea slugs |
| Class Bivalvia | class of mollusks characterized by two hinged shells and two siphons, includes clams and oysters |
| Class Cephalapoda | class of mollusks characterized by many tentacles & arms, large eyes, complex nervous systems, and an ink sac, includes squids and octopuses |
