| A | B |
|---|
| Samuel F.B. Morse | inventor of the telegraph and Morse code |
| specialization | raising one or two cash crops to sell at home or abroad |
| capitalism | economic system in which private businesses and individuals control the means of production |
| entrepeneurs | investors who take risk |
| telegraph | device that carried messages sent as impulses along a copper wire |
| John Deere | invented the first steel plow |
| Cyrus McCormick | invented the mechanical reaper |
| maifest destiny | belief that the United States destiny was to to expand to the Pacific Ocean and into Mexican territory |
| Treaty of Fort Laramie | provided control of the Great Plains to the Plains Indians |
| Santa Fe Trail | major westward trail from Missouri to Santa Fe, NM |
| Oregon Train | major route to Oregon from Independence, Missouri to Oregon |
| Mormons | religious community that settled in Utah |
| Joseph Smith | founder of the Mormon church |
| Brigham Young | Mormon leader who led his church to Utah |
| Fifty-Four Forty or Fight | slogan of those who wanted to take all of Oregon Territory for the United States |
| Stephen F. Austin | led the first group of American settlers into Texas |
| land grant | land given to empresarios who gave it to American settlers in Texas |
| Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna | Mexican president and later emperor who tried to put down the Texas rebellion |
| Texas Revolution | rebellion by Texans who wanted to make Texas an independent country |
| Sam Houston | leader of the Texans, hero of San Jacinto |
| annex | to take over, to incorporate |
| James K. Polk | American president, believer in Manifest Destiny, the leader under whom the US gained more territory than any other |
| Zachary Taylor | commander of American forces in Mexico during the Mexican War |
| Stephen Kearny | occupied New Mexico for the United States |
| John C. Fremont | occupied California for the United States |
| Republic of California | proclaimed by John C. Fremont it made California an independent country for a short while |
| Winfield Scott | captured Veracruz and Mexico City for the United States during the Mexican War |
| Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo | ended the Mexican War and gave much territory to the United States |
| Gadsden Purchase | land purchased in 1853 from Mexico, now part of Arizona and New Mexico |
| forty-niners | prospectors who went to California during the gold rush of 1849 |
| gold rush | describes the mass influx of prospectors to an area where gold is discovered |
