| A | B |
|---|
| Simple diffusion | Molecular movement down a concentration gradient |
| Facillitated diffusion | Carrier molecules transport down a concentration gradient; requires membrane |
| Osmosis | Movement of solvent toward high solute (low solvent) concentration; requires membrane |
| Filtration | Movement of solvent using hydrostatic pressure; requires membrane filter |
| Active transport | Movement of ions/molecules against a concentration gradient; requires carrier molecule and ATP |
| Phagocytosis | Ingestion of solid particles by creating vesicles; requires ATP |
| Pinocytosis | Ingestion of fluid by creating vesicles; requires ATP |
| Exocytosis | Secretion of cellular products by creating vesicles; then liberating contents to outside of cell; requires ATP |
| Ctyokinesis | Division of the cytoplasm at the end of mitosis to form two separate daughter cells |
| Diffusion | Movement of atoms, ions, or molecules from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration |
| Meiosis | Type of nuclear division in which the number of chromosomes is reduced to one half the number found in a body cell; results in the formation of an egg or sperm |
| Mitosis | Process by which the nucleus of a body cell divides to form two new cells, each identical to the parent cell |
| Osmosis | Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane |
| Passive transport | Membrane transport process that does not require cellular energy |
| Anaplasia | Loss of differntiation of cells; reversion to a more primitive cell type; characteristic of cancer |
| Anomaly | Deviation from normal |
| Atrophy | Wasting away; a decrease in the size of a cell, tissue, organ, or part |
| Benign | Not malignant; not recurring |
| Carcinogen | An agent that causes cancer |
| Congenital disorder | An abnormal condition that is present at birth and continues to exist from the time of birth |
| Cytology | Stude of cells including their origin, structure, function, and pathology |
| Dysplasia | Abnormality in development; alteration in size, shape, and organization of cells |
| Genetic disorder | Condition or disease that is caused by a defective gene and may appear at any time in life; also called heredity disorder |
| Hyperplasia | Abnormal increase in the number of cells resulting from an increase in the frequency of cell division |
| Hypertrophy | Enlargement of an organ attributable to an increase in the size of the individual constituent cells |
| Malignant | Tending to become worse and result in death; refers to tumors having the characteristics of invasiveness, anaplasia, and metastasis |
| Metaplasia | Transformation of one cell type into another cell type |
| Metastasis | Spread of a tumor to a secondary site |
| Necrosis | Death of cells or groups if cells |
| Neoplasm | Any new and abnormal growth; a tumor |
| Plasma membrane | Maintains integrity of cell; passage of materials into and out of cell |
| Cytoplasm | Structure is water. Functions is a medium for chemical reactions; suspending medium for organelles |
| Nucleus | Spherical body near center of cell that contains genetic material and regulates activities of the cell |
| Nuclear membrane | Double-layered membrane around the nucleus and separates cytoplasm from nucleoplasm |
| Chromatin | Strands of DNA in nucleus which mecome chromosomes during cell division |
| Nucleolus | Forms ribosomes |
| Mitochondria | Major site of ATP synthesis; converts energy from nutrients into a form that is usable by the body |
| Ribosomes | Granules of RNA in cytoplasm whose function is protein synthesis |
| Rough endoplasmic reticulum | Transports material through cytoplasm and aids in the synthesis of protein |
| Smooth endoplasmic reticulum | Transports material through cytoplasm and its function involves lipid synthesis |
| Golgi apparatus | Packages producst for secretion; forms lysosomes |
| Lysosomes | Digest material taken into cell; debris from damaged cells, worn-out cell components |
| Cytoskeleton | Procides support for cytoplasm; helps in movement of organelles |
| Centrioles | Distributes chromosomes to daughter cells during cell division |
| Cilia | Moves substances across surface of cell |
| Flagella | Similar to cilia and its function is cell locomotion |
