| A | B |
|---|
| cell | basic unit of life |
| prokaryotic | cells with no nuclei or membrane bound organelles |
| eukaryotic | cells with a nuclei and membrane bound organelles |
| organelle | membrane bound component of a cell that has a specific function |
| chlorophyll | green pigment in chlorplasts |
| cellulose | structural component of cell walls |
| diffusion | movement of a substance from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration |
| tonicity | water concentration gradient |
| isotonic | equal solute concentrations both inside and outside of the cell |
| hypotonic | higher solute concentrations in the cell |
| hypertonic | higher solute concentrations outside of the cell |
| osmosis | the movement of water across a semi-permeable membrane |
| ion pump | protein channels in the cell membrane that create electrical/concentration gradients |
| bulk transport | when substance too big to pass through protein channels or the cell membrane need to enter or exit the cell |
| exocytosis | bulk transport out of the cell by means of a vesicle binding with the cell membrane |
| endocytosis | bulk transport into the cell by means of a vesicle binding with the cell membrane |
| phagocytosis | "cell eating" |
| pinocytosis | "cell drinking" |
| psuedopodia | cytoplasmic extension used to surround and eat small organisms |
| flagellum | whip like extension used in cellular movement |
| cilia | hair-like structures used in cellular movement |
| homeostasis | process of maintaining a stable internal environment |
| equilibrium | stable internal environment |
| receptors | part of homeostasis where a stimuli is detected |
| integrator | part of homeostasis where a course of action is determined |
| effector | part of homeostasis in which a response is carried out |
| nucleus | control center of the cell; source of genetic material |
| nuclear envelope | porous membrane around the nucleus |
| nucleolus | dense region of RNA in the nucleus |
| cell membrane | lipid bilayer that surrounds the cell |
| ribosomes | site of protein synthesis |
| mitochondria | site of energy production |
| smooth endoplasmic reticulum | responsible for lipid production; has no ribosomes |
| rough endoplasmic reticulum | responsible for protein synthesis due to presence of ribosomes |
| golgi body | protein packaging organelle |
| lysosome | digestive organelle; only in animal cells |
| cell walls | rigid structure around plant cells |
| chloroplasts | organelle responsible for absorbing sun energy |
| central vacuole | responsible for holding water in plant cells |
| circulatory system | transport of nutrients, wastes, and oxygen throughout the body |
| respiratory system | exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide with the atmosphere |
| digestive system | responsible for breaking down and absorbing nutrients |
| excretory system | responsible for the filtering and removal of wastes from the body |
| skeletal system | supports and protects the body |
| muscular system | moves the body |
| nervous system | responsible for communication in the body |
| selectively permeable membrane | sorts molecules out according size or concentration |
| active transport | transport across the cell membrane that requires oxygen |
| passive transport | transport across the cell membrane by means of concentration gradients |
| control | part of the experiment used at a point of comparison |
| hypothesis | a scientific guess or prediction |
| independent variable | the variable that is changed by you |
| dependent variable | the resultant change |
| constant | parts of the experiment kept the same for every variable |
| isotope | atoms of the same element that have different numbers of nuetrons |
| ionic bonding | bonding in which electrons are transferred |
| covalent bonding | bonding in which electrons are shared between atoms |
| hydrogen bonding | bonding found in water between polar ends of the molecule |
| polar molecule | a molecule with a slightly positive end and a slightly negative end |
| polarity | having a slightly negative and positive end |
| acid | a substance with an abundance of H+ ions and a pH of 6 or below |
| base | a substance with an abundance of OH- ions and a pH of 8 or above |
| organic compound | substance that contains carbon bound to hydrogen and/or oxygen |
| hydrophilic | substance that is attracted to water |
| hydrophobic | substance that repels water |
| cohesion | when water molecules bond to each other |
| adhesion | when water molecules bond to other molecules |
| capillary action | when water molecules slowly climb |
| macromolecule | a large organic compound |
| carbohydrate | organic macromolecule used for short term energy |
| protein | organic macromolecule used for muscle building & enzymes |
| lipid | organic macromolecule used for long term energy |
| nucleic acid | organic macromolecule used for storing genetic material and energy creation |
| monosaccharide | one sugar unit and subunit of carbohydrates |
| fatty acids | subunit of lipids |
| amino acids | subunit of proteins |
| nucleotide | subunit of nucleic acids |
| DNA | substance in which genetic info is stored |
| RNA | substance which code and create proteins |
| ATP | substance that is a source of chemical energy |
| Passive Transport | cellular transport that requires no energy |
| Active Transport | cellular transport that requires enegy |
| Solute | substance that dissolves in another substance |
| solvent | substance in which others substances dissolve |
| solution | substance in which a solute has been dissolved in a solvent |
| heterotroph | organism that needs to ingest nutrients |
| autotroph | organism that is capable of making its own nutrients |
| photoautotroph | organism that makes nutrients by using sunlight as a energy source |
| chemoautotroph | organism that makes nutrients by using sunlight as a energy source |
| photosynthesis | process that creates glucose |
| chemosynthesis | process that creates energy from inorganic compounds |
| cellular respiration | process that creates energy from glucose |
| aerobic respiration | energy producing process that uses oxygen |
| anaerobic respiration | energy producing process that does not use oxygen |
| fermentation | anaerobic respiration which results in the production of CO2 and lactic acid or alcohol |
| vascular tissue | tissue responsible for transporting materials |
| atomic number | number of protons in an element |
| atomic mass | sum of the number of nuetrons and protons |
| saturated fat | lipid in which every bond of carbon is singularly bonded |
