| A | B |
|---|
| City State | Cities that gain control of the surrounding areas |
| Patriarchal | Dominated by men |
| Empire | A large political unit that controls many territories under a single ruler, called an emperor. |
| Karma | The belief that "what goes around comes around". This is common to Hinduism and Buddhism. |
| Migration | Movement from one region or country to another. |
| Clergy | Church leaders |
| Republic | A form of government where the leader is NOT a king and certain citizens can vote. |
| Cuneiform | An ancient system of writing developed by the Sumerians. |
| Buddhism | A religion that began in India during the 6th century (500s). It was founded by Siddhartha Gautama, who is known as Buddha (the Enlightened One). |
| Monotheism | Belief in one god. |
| Significance | Importance |
| Reincarnation | The rebirth of an individual's soul in another form after death. |
| Hinduism | The major Indian religion, which began around 1500 B. C. |
| Laity | Regular church members |
| Cultivate | To prepare land to grow crops |
| Judaism | Monotheistic developed by the Israelites |
| Christianity | Monotheistic religion that began during the 1st century A.D. |
| Filial Piety | A key part of Confucianism. It is the duty of fall family members to subordinate their needs to the male head of the house. |
| Culture | The shared traditions and beliefs of a group of people. |
| Confucianism | A system of political and ethical ideas created by the Chinese philosopher Confucious at the end of the Zhou Dynasty. It was hoped these beliefs would restore order. |
| Dynasty | A family of rulers who pass the right to rule within the family. |
| Domesticate | To tame animals and grow plants for human use. |
| Caste System | A rigid set of social categories in India that determine most aspects of a person's life. The Caste System is supported by the Hindu belief in Karma. |
| Differentiate | To show the difference between things. |
| Mandate of Heaven | The claim (started by the Zhou Dynasty) that Chinese Kings/ Emperors got their right to rule directly from heaven. |
| Dao | Literally, "the way". It is the key to proper behavior under Confucianism. |
| area | a geographical region with an undetermined boundary. |
| complex | complicated |
| contradict | to speak or act against something |
| establish | to begin or to build |
| concept | an idea |
| contrast | to show the difference between two items |
| identify | means to show or explain |
| Empire | A large poilitical unit with one leader that covers many territories. |
| Dynasty | A family who passes on the right to rule. |
| Monotheism | Belief in one god. |
| Lineage Group | An extended family unit that has combined into a larger community. |
| Savanna | A broad grassland dotted with trees and small shrubs. |
| Sultan | The military and/ or political leader of the Turks. |
| Mosque | A Muslim house of worship. |
| Islam | A Monotheistic relgion that began on the Arabian Peninsula during the 600s. |
| Hijrah | The journey of Muhammed and his followers to Medina in 622. |
| Caliph | A successor of Muhammed as the leader of the Muslims. |
| Astrolabe | A tool that allows sailors to find their location using the stars. |
| King Ezana | The king of Axum who converted to Christianity and made it the official relgion of his kingdom. |
| Sundiata Keita | Founder of the Kingdom of Mali |
| Mansa Musa | Mali's most powerful king. |
| Sunni Ali | Founder of the Sunni Dynasty and a king of Songhi |
| Muhammad Ture | The most powerful king of the Songhi Empire. |
| Muhammad | The founder of Islam |
| Revelations | divine truths |
| divine | from or like a god |
| submission | giving in to the control of another |
| traditional | long established, customary |
| Archipelago | A chain of islands |
| Shogun | A military leader in Japan that serves the Emperor |
| Pre-Columbian | Describing the time before the arrival of Columbus (1492) |
| Mesoamerica | The name for parts of Mexico and central America that had civilization before the arrival of the Spanish. |
| Aztec | A pre-Columbian society located in Central Mexico. |
| Inca | A pre-Columbian civilization located in the Andes Mountains. |
| Epidemic | an outbreak of disease that spreads rapidly |
| Maya | A pre-Columbian civilization located on the Yucatan Peninsula |
| Polytheistic | believing in many gods. |
| Mandate of Heaven | Chinese belief that their rulers gain their authority from god. |
| Salvation | Deliverance from sin and all its consequences. |
| Usury | Illegally lending money and/ or charging interest. |
| Alliance | An association formed for the benefit of all involved. |
| Annul | To declare invalid--especially marriages. |
| Christian Humanism | An intellectual movement that developed in Northern Europe during the Renaissance. It mixed traditional Humanism with a desire to reform the Catholic Church. |
| Edict | An official order by a person in authority. |
| Indulgence | A release from the punishment for sins by the Catholic Church, reducing time in purgatory. |
| Monarchy | A type of government with a king or queen. |
| Predestination | The belief that God has already decided who will be saved (go to heaven) and who will not. |
| Protestant | Someone or something that protests the Catholic Church |
| Radical | A person who supports complete political/ social change. |
| Revolution | A forcible overthrow of a political, social or religious system. It may be violent or non violent. |
| Reformation | A 16th century movement to reform the abuses of the Catholic Church. |
| Laity | Regular Church Members |
| Clergy | Church Leaders |
| aristocrat | a person with a high position in society. |
| attain | to get. |
| characteristic | a feature that belongs to something. |
| city-state | cities that gain economic and/ or political control over their surroundings. |
| classics | the literature and art of ancient Greece and Rome. |
| decline | to become less in amount or importance |
| dowry | a gift of money or property paid by the bride's family to the husband at the time of marriage. |
| formulate | to plan or develop something |
| fresco | a painting done on fresh, wet plaster with water based paints. |
| humanism | an philosophical movement during the Renaissance based on the study of the humanities. |
| instability | unpredictable behavior. |
| mercenary | a soldier that fights for money, not loyalty. |
| nobility | a group of people with a high rank and a hereditary title. |
| paraphrase | to reword something |
| peasant | a person of a low rank in society, poor. Usually a farmer. |
| perspective | drawing or painting in a way that makes a 2 dimensional painting look 3 dimensional. |
| philosophy | the study of ideas. |
| predict | to say what will happen in the future. |
| refute | to prove that someone or something is wrong. |
| relevant | relating to something |
| republic | a government where the ruler is NOT a monarch and certain citizens get to vote. |
| secular | not religious. |
| style | a way of doing something. |
| urban | cities; based on cities. |
| verify | using evidence to check if something is true |
| vernacular | the common language. |
