| A | B |
|---|
| What are the causes of the Industrial Revolution? | agricultural revolution, population explosion, energy revolution, stable government and economy |
| What was the Agricultural/Agrarian Revolution? | change in the farming techniques--there was better technology which meant there were less people needed to farm; people moved to cities to look for jobs |
| Why was there a population explosion? | There was more food which equaled more people |
| What is Laissez faire? | the government does not become involved in business---"hands off" |
| What were some of the effects of the Industrial Revolution? | industry booms, more factories and textiles, transportation improved, travel increased, businesses can serve more customers which = more money, new middle class, more jobs, economies prospered, travel increased |
| What were the problems created by the Industrial Revolution? | low wages, poor working conditions, poor living conditions |
| What did Adam Smith believe? | laissez faire, wrote Wealth of Nations, believed in the free market |
| that is utilitarianism? | the goal of society should be the greatest happiness for the greatest number, laws should be judged on whether or not they provide more pleasure than pain |
| What is socialism? | people, not individuals owns the means of production, society operates for the welfare of all people |
| What is communism? | a form of socialism that sees class struggle between employees and employers as inevitable |
| Karl Marx wrote.... | Communist Manifesto |
| Marx believed... | there was a struggle between the haves and the have notes, proletariats will rise up, take control of the means of production, and start a classless society |
| What is urbanization? | movement of people to cities |
| What are the proletariat? | the working class |
| What is a conservatist? | someone who doesn't like change |
| What is a liberal? | someone who is open to new ideas |
| Name two inventions that helped increase manufacturing and agricultural production. | spinning jenny and seed drill |
| Who was Robert Owen? | a Utopian Socialist |
| Who invented steel? | Bessemer |
| What effect did the invention of steel have? | Was used to build tools, bridges and railroads which increased productivity and transportation/trade |
| Who is Jethro Tull? | invented the seed drill, deposited seeds in rows rather than scattering them all over—farmers used this to grow more corps because seeds weren’t wasted. |
| What were enclosures? | the process of taking over and fencing off land shared by peasant farmers. It was to replace strip farms with larger fields. Increased farm output. |
| What were the effects of Agrarian Revolution? | Women had healthier babies,§ More food and the quality of food was better, § Population of Europe increased |
| Urbanization | movement of people to cities—Agrarian Revolution meant less workers were needed on farms because of new technology so people moved to cities |
| Thomas Malthus: | predicted the population would outpace the food supply—urged families to have fewer children |
| Jeremy Bentham: | preached utilitarianism: the idea that the goal of society should be the greatest happiness for the greatest number of people—thought government should intervene under certain circumstances |
| John Stuart Mill: | supported utilitarianism—wanted the government to step in to improve the lives of working class |
| Robert Owen: | built a utopian factory community in Scotland—built homes for his workers and treated his employees well |
| bourgeoisie | middle class—“the haves” |
| proletariat | working class—“the have nots” |
| Eli Whitney: | invented the cotton gin (machine that cleaned the cotton, no longer had to be done by hand) |
| Factory Act of 1833: | helped improve conditions for children |
