| A | B |
|---|
| assumptions | A guess based on available information |
| active transport | process requiring cellular energy -- Moving from lower concentration to higher concentration |
| aerobic respiration | Process that combines sugar (food) and oxygen in the presence of enzymes to make energy |
| anaerobic respiration | Respiration process that does not require oxygen. A small amount of energy is produced along with carbon dioxide an either alcohol or lactic acid |
| arthritis | inflammation of the joints |
| behavior | way that an organism responds to its environment |
| bias | A set way of interpreting information |
| biology | the study of living things |
| blood | liquid that transports waste and nutrients |
| bone | tissue made of cells and minerals (that protects and supports us) |
| cartilage | flexible tissue of the skeletal system |
| cell | the basic unit of structure and function in all living things |
| cell wall | Surrounds the cell membrane and its contents, gives the plant its shape |
| cellular communication | chemicals released by cells that trigger other cells to perform an action |
| cellular respiration | energy releasing process that takes place in mitochondria |
| chance | Randomness (something that is not connected to a cause) |
| chart | A way of visually showing data |
| chemical signals | molecules released by cells that trigger other cells to perform an action |
| chlorophyll | Green pigment in chloroplasts needed for photosynthesis |
| chloroplasts | Involved in manufacture of food for plants (photosynthesis) |
| concept | An idea |
| conclusion | An answer that is based on facts (data) |
| constant | The variables in the experiment that are identical for all groups |
| control group | The group that serves as a baseline compared to the experimental group. This group does not get the treatment |
| coordination | process of bringing different activities together for a specific result |
| cytoplasm | Watery cell fluid that contains the cell organelles, many life processes take place here |
| data | observations made with the senses (sometimes with the help of tools) |
| data table | table a place recording numerical data |
| dependent variable | The variable in the experiment that you measure throughout the experiment; depends on the independent variable. |
| diagrams | A visual representation of an idea |
| disease | Imbalance, disturbance of homeostasis |
| embryo | developing human during the first 8 weeks after fertilization |
| endocrine system | regulates cell and organism activities by way of hormones |
| endoplasmic reticulum | System of channels or canals that transport materials throughout the cell |
| equilibrium | balance, homeostasis |
| excretion | removal of waste of cell activities |
| excretory system disorders | disorders of the excretory system |
| experimental group | The group(s) in which the independent variable is changed. The group that is treated differently. |
| feedback mechanism | control system where one structure regulates another structure |
| fermentation | Another name for anaerobic respiration |
| fetus | developing human between 8 weeks and birth |
| gamete | sex cell = sperm and egg |
| generalization | A statement that is true most of the time |
| glucose | a simple sugar that is transported by the blood |
| golgi complex | Synthesizes, packages, and secretes cell products |
| graph | A way of visually showing data on (at least) the x and y-axis |
| growth | An increase in size and/or number of cells of an organism |
| homeostasis | the process by which organisms keep their internal conditions relatively stable |
| hormone | chemical messenger of the endocrine system (ex. testosterone, estrogen, progesterone, Insulin) |
| hypothesis | A prediction that can be tested |
| independent variable | The one variable in the experiment that you change for the experimental groups |
| inference | is the interpretation of facts and enables us to assess and evaluate conditions and make predictions |
| insulin | hormone that reduces the amount of glucose in the blood |
| internal development | process of fetus development that happens in the uterus |
| internal fertilization | process of the sperm and egg joining inside of a body |
| involuntary muscles | a muscle the moves without your control |
| joints | a place in the body where two or more bones meet |
| learned behavior | behavior that develops as a result of experience |
| life functions | The processes or activities that are common to all living things |
| ligament | tissue that holds bones together at a joint |
| limitations | Restrictions, problems with the design of an experiment |
| liver | makes urea |
| locomotion | when an organism moves itself |
| lungs | excretory organ that excretes carbon dioxide and water |
| metabolic waste | wastes that are produced in cells |
| metabolism | Chemical reactions that happen in cells |
| mitochondria | Involved in cell respiration, "powerhouse of the cell," makes ATP (an energy molecule) |
| multicellular | having more than one cell |
| muscle fatigue | the build up of lactic acid that happens when muscle cells don't get enough oxygen |
| nerve cell | neuron = cells in nervous tissue |
| nervous system | body system that regulates the body |
| nucleus | Controls cell activities |
| nutrition | process by which organisms obtain and process food |
| observation | is recording data about the world through the use of the senses |
| offspring | a new organism produced by a living thing |
| organism | any living thing |
| osmosis | A special kind of diffusion where water moves across a semipermeable membrane from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration |
| ovary | produces egg and estrogen |
| pancreas | organ that makes insulin |
| passive transport | Diffusion. Process that does not use cell energy. |
| photosynthesis | Process by which plants make food |
| placenta | reproductive tissue that nourishes the fetus |
| plasma membrane | Provides a boundary between the cell and its environment |
| progesterone | hormone that stabilizes the lining of the uterus |
| receptor | structure on the cell membrane that gets triggered by a chemical |
| regulation | process that controls and coordinates activities in an organism |
| reproduction | the way organisms make more of their own kind |
| respiration | chemical reactions that release energy for life activities |
| response | a reaction to a stimulus |
| ribosomes | Make proteins (protein synthesis) |
| scientific method | a set of steps used to find answers to questions |
| selectively permeable | allows only certain substances to pass through it |
| skin | excretory organ that excretes perspiration |
| spontaneous generation | idea that living things can come from nonlivng things |
| stimulus | a change in the environment that causes a response |
| synthesis | Making complex substances from simple substances |
| tendon | tissue that connects muscle to bones or other muscles |
| testes | produces sperm and testosterone |
| theory | an idea that explains something based on repeated scientific evidence |
| transport | process involved with the circulation and absorption of nutrients |
| unicellular | having one cell |
| urea | metabolic waste made when protein breaks down |
| urine | metabolic waste that contains urea |
| uterus | where the fetus develops |
| vacuoles | Store water, wastes, and food |
| voluntary muscles | a muscle that moves because you control it |
| waft | to move the hand over a smell source, scooping the smell to the nose |
| zygote | fertilized egg |
