| A | B |
|---|
| organic molecules | molecules that contain oxygen and hydrogen |
| stereoisomers | molecules that have the same kind and number of atoms but their functional groups are arranged differently in structure of molecule |
| carbohydrates | contain C, H, and O; twice as many H atoms as O |
| monosaccharides | simple sugars; glucose, fructose, galactose |
| disaccharides | two monosaccharides covalently bonded; sucrose, maltose, lactose |
| polysaccharide | many monosacchrides bonded; starch, glycogen, cellulose, and chitin |
| dehydration synthesis | enzymes help to remove water to help covalently bond molecules to make polymers |
| hydrolysis | breaking of large molecueles into smaller ones by removing water (digestion reactions) |
| lipids | fats, oils, waxes, phospholipids, steroids; insoluble in water due to nonpolar nature |
| triglyceride | made of a glycerol and 3 fatty acids; also called triacylglycerol |
| saturated fat | all single covalent bonds between carbons in fatty acid |
| unsaturated fat | one or more double covalent bonds between carbons in fatty acid |
| ketone bodies | result of fatty acid break down; acidic so can lead to ketosis |
| ketosis | elevated levels of ketones |
| ketoacidosis | lowering of pH of blood; common in diabetes and can be dangerous |
| phospholipids | component of cell membrane, serve as surfactants in lungs |
| steroids | cholesterol, sex hormones, and corticosteroids; all nonpolar |
| prostaglandins | regulatory lipids found in almost all organs - have local regulatory control |
