| A | B |
|---|
| William McKinley | his election collapsed populism |
| exoduster | name for any African Am. who moved from the South to Kansas |
| Grange | farmers' organization that fought the railroads |
| populism | a political philosophy of "power to the people" especially laborers and farmers |
| Plains | great grassland of West Central US |
| horse | this increased Native American mobility |
| William Jennings Bryan | populist supporter who gave "Cross of Gold" speech |
| assimilation | adoption of the beliefs of a dominant culture |
| long drive | moving of cattle to shipping centers |
| Dawes Act of 1887 | Act intended to "Americanize" Native Americans |
| bimetallism | use of both gold and silver as monetary units |
| barbed wire | its invention ended the wide-open West |
| Texas longhorn | cattle suited to dry Southwest conditions |
| prairie | grasslands of west central United States |
| gold standard | money backed only by gold |
| homesteaders | settlers who farmed free government land eventually hoping to own it |
| reaper | farm machine invented by Cyrus McCormick to harvest grain |
| John Deere | in 1837 invented steel plow which could slice through sod |
| range rights | claim of ownership of water of a stream on the plains |
| range war | 1880s fights between sheep and cattle ranchers for control of grasslands |
| dry farming | technique used to raise crops in areas with little rainfall |
| right of way | narrow strip of land given to transportation or communications companies to develop for the common good |
| reservations | lands on which Native American tribes were forced to settle |
| brand | to burn a permanent mark on the hide of livestock for ownership identification |
| vaqueros | Mexican cowboys |
| drought | abnornal rainfall period when little or no rain falls |
| sod | A section of grass-covered surface soil held together by matted roots; turf |
| sooners | settlers who entered the Unassigned Lands in Oklahoma before President Grover Cleveland officially proclaimed them open to settlement on March 2, 1889 |
| Mormons | first permanent English settlers of the West; aka Church of Christ of Latter Day Saints |
| assimilation | the adoption of the beliefs and customs of a new culture |
