| A | B |
|---|
| Genetics | The science that studies how characteristics get passed from parent to offspring |
| Genetic factors | The general guidelines of traits determined by a person's DNA |
| Environmental factors | Those "nonbiological" factors that are involved in a person's surroundings such as the nature of the person's parents, the person's friends, and the person's behavioral choices |
| Spiritual factors | The factors in a person's life that are determined by the quality of his or her relationship with God |
| Gene | A section of DNA that codes for the production of a protein or a portion of protein, thereby causing a trait |
| Messenger RNA | The RNA that performs transcription |
| Anticodon | A three-nucleotide base sequence on tRNA |
| Codon | A sequence of three nucleotide bases on mRNA that refers to a specific type of amino acid |
| Chromosome | DNA coiled around and supported by proteins, found in the nucleus of the cell |
| Mitosis | A process of asexual reproduction in eukaryotic cells |
| Interphase | The time interval between cellular reproduction |
| Centromere | The region that joins two sister chromatids |
| Mother cell | A cell ready to begin reproduction, containing duplicated DNA and centrioles |
| Karyotype | The figure produced when the chromosomes of a species during metaphase are arranged according to their homologous pairs |
| Diploid cell | A cell with chromosomes that come in homologous pairs |
| Haploid cell | A cell that has only one representative of each chromosome pair |
| Diploid number (2n) | The total number of chromosomes in a diploid cell |
| Haploid number (n) | The number of homologous pairs in a diploid cell |
| Meiosis | The process by which a diploid (2n) cell forms gametes (n) |
| Gametes | Haploid cells (n) produced by diploid cells (2n) for the purpose of sexual reproduction |
| Virus | A non-cellular infectious agent that has two characteristics: It has genetic material (RNA or DNA) inside a protective protein coat, and it cannot reproduce on its own. |
| Antibodies | Specialized proteins that aid in destroying infectious agents |
| Vaccine | A weakened or inactive version of a pathogen that stimulates the body's production of antibodies which can aid in destroying the pathogen |
