| A | B |
|---|
| asexual reproduction | One parent --> two offspring Each offspring genetically identical to its parent |
| autosomes | Do not determine the sex of an individual Chromosome pairs 1-22 |
| binary fission | Prokaryotes(Bacteria) (one cell becomes two) |
| budding | new individuals splits off from existing ones. |
| chromosome | Has thousands of genes Determine how an organism develops and functions |
| diploid cell | Found in Somatic cells Two sets of chromosomes Written as 2n Humans 2n = 46 |
| fertilization | Egg & sperm cell combine Forms a zygote |
| fragmentation | Starfish or sponge - can regrow missing parts or parts break off and grow into a new organism |
| gamete | Comes from a “germ” cell in ovaries or testes Reproductive cell (egg or sperm) Contains ½ of the chromosomes of a parent cell |
| haploid cell | Gamete cells One set of chromosomes Written as n Humans n=23 |
| homologous chromosomes | Similar in size, in shape, and in kinds of genes One of the two parents May carry different forms of genes |
| parthenogenesis | female makes a viable egg that grows into an adult without being fertilized by a male (water flea) |
| sex chromosomes | Determines the sex of an individual. X and Y chromosomes. Male – XY Female - XX |
| sexual reproduction | Two parents one offspring Offspring are genetically different from parents. |
| somatic cells | Non reproductive cells Ex- skin, nerve, muscle, etc. |
