| A | B |
|---|
| Nephr/o, ren/o | Kidney |
| Hydro/o | Water |
| Cyst/o | Bladder |
| Pyel/o | Renal collecting ducts |
| Ur/o, -uria | Urine |
| Olig/o | Scanty, less than normal |
| -pexy | To surgically reattach, fix in normal position |
| Nephritis | inflammation of the kidneys |
| renal artery | artery of the kidneys |
| Hydronephrosis | abnormal condition involving back up of urine into the kidney |
| Cystitis | inflammation of the bladder |
| cystectomy | removal of bladder |
| Pyelogram | X-ray of the renal collecting ducts |
| Polyuria | frequent urination |
| anuria | no urine formation |
| Oliguria | reduced urine formation |
| Nephropexy | surgically attach kidney in normal anatomical position |
| nephrosis | noninflammatory disease of the kidneys |
| nephrolith | a kidney stone |
| urethra | final pathway for urine in both sexes, common pathway for urine and semen in the male |
| urethritis | inflammation of the urethra |
| nocturia | frequently getting up and urinating during the night |
| enuresis | involuntary release of urine, "bedwetting" |
| nephrologist | physician specializing in kidney disease |
| urologist | physician specializing in diseases of the lower urinary tract and male reproductive system |
| lower urinary tract | the bladder and urethra |
| cystoscopy | looking into the urinary bladder |
| dialysis | a procedure for cleansing the blood of waste products in patients with kidney failure |
| nephrolithotripsy | crushing of kidney stones with sound waves |
| intravenous pyelogram | dye is injected into a vein to show how kidneys drain |
| retrograde pyelogram | dye is flushed backward up the urethra, bladder and ureters to the kidneys |
| retro | backward, back, situated behind |
| voiding cystourethrogram | an x-ray that shows the urethra and bladder while urinating |
| void | to discharge, emit or eliminate |
