| A | B |
|---|
| history | an account of what has happened in the lives of different peoples |
| geography | the study of people, their environments, and their resources |
| 5 themes | 1) location, 2) place, 3) interaction between people and their environment, 4) movement, and 5) region |
| exact location | latitude and longitude |
| relative location | where you are at in relation to some other place |
| place | described in terms of both physical and human features |
| physical features | climate, soil, plantlife, animal life, and bodies of water |
| human features | kinds of houses built, means of transportation, ways of earning a living, languages, and religions |
| Interaction between people and environment | irrigation, growing crops, and technology |
| movement | movement of people, goods, and ideas (religious and political freedom, survival) |
| region | an area of the world with similar, unifying characteristics - physical such as climate and landforms and human and cultural |
| maps | drawings of the Earth's surface |
| globe | a sphere with a map of the Earth's landmasses and bodies of water printed on it |
| map projections | ways of showing maps on a flat surface - mercator and Robinson |
| mercator projection | shows the true shapes of landmasses, but distorts size especially places far away from the equator |
| Robinson projection | shows the correct sizes and shapes of landmasses for mostparts of the world; shows accurate view of the relationship between landmasses and water |
| kinds of maps | 1) political, 2) physical, 3) population, 4) economic, and 5) natural resource |
| types of landforms | 1) mountains, 2) elevation, 3) relief, 4) hills, 5) plains, and 6) plateaus |
| 8 regions of North America | Pacific Coast, Intermountain, Rocky Mountains, Interior Plains, Appalachian Mountains, Canadian Shield, Coastal Plains, and Hawaiian Islands |
| South America Landforms | Andes, interior plain, and river systems: Orinoco, Amazon, and Paraguay-Parana |
| weather | the condition of the Earth's atmosphere at any given time and place |
| climate | the average weater of a place over a period of 20 to 30 years |
| aspects of climate | temperature and precipitation |
| factors affecting climate | distance north or south of the equator, altitude, ocean currents, wind currents, and mountains |
| altitude | height above sea level |
| North American Climates | 1) marine, 2) Mediterranean, 3) Highland, 4) Steppe, 5) desert, 6) humid continental, 7) humid subtropical, 8) tropical, 9) tundra, and 10) subarctic |
| South American Climates | desert and rain forests |
| latitude | run east and west; measures north and south from equator |
| longitude | run north and south; measure east and west from the Prime Meridian |
| equator | lies at 0 degrees latitude; divides north and south hemispheres |
| Prime Meridian | lies 0 degrees longitude; divides east and west hemispheres |
| standard time zones | division of the world into 24 time zones from the prime Meridian |
| isthmus | a narrow strip of land |
| Isthmus of Panama | joins the continents of North and South America |
