| A | B |
|---|
| simple subject (a.k.a. subject) | This is the main noun or pronoun that tells what a sentence is about. You can find a simple subject by asking Who? or What? before the predicate. Since a subject is either a noun or a pronoun, the words THERE and HERE can never be a subject because they are adverbs. |
| simple predicate (a.k.a. verb) | This is the verb or verb phrase that expresses action or being about the subject. You can find the simple predicate by looking for action words or linking verbs. |
| complete subject | This consists of the simple subject plus all of its modifiers (describing words). |
| complete predicate | This consists of the simple predicate (verb or verb phrase) plus all of its modifiers (describing words). It is made up of all words that tell what the subject is or does. |
| fragment | This group of words is punctuated as a sentence but does NOT express a complete thought; it may also be missing a subject, predicate, or both. |
| comma splice | This occurs when two independent clauses are joined by a comma only. To correct this type of run-on, replace the comma with a semicolon OR add a FANBOYS after it. |
| run-on | This occurs when two or more complete sentences (independent clauses) are written as though they are one sentence without any punctuation to separate them. |
| simple sentence (independent clause) | This group of words consists of a subject and predicate and expresses a complete thought. |
| compound sentence | This is two independent clauses (simple sentences) joined by a semicolon OR a comma and a coordinating conjunction. |
| coordinating conjunction | FANBOYS (for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so) |
| correlative conjunction | These work in pairs to join words and groups of words (both…and, neither…nor, either...or, whether...or, not only...but also). |
| compound predicate | This consists of two or more simple predicates that are joined by a conjunction and have the same subject. |
| compound subject | This consists of two or more simple subjects that are joined by a conjunction and have the same verb. |
| noun | This is a person, place, thing, or idea and can function as a subject and object of a preposition. |
| comma | This punctuation is used before a conjunction when it joins two INDEPENDENT clauses or three or more parts (such as subjects and predicates) |
| pronoun | This replaces a noun and can function as a subject and object of a preposition. |
| linking verb | This is a type of predicate that links the subject to another word in the predicate (examples: be, is, was, are, am, smell, taste, become, grow). |
| helping verb | This starts off a verb phrase, consisting also of a linking or action verb. There can be multiple helping verbs in a verb phrase. |
| action verb | This is a type of predicate that shows mental, emotional, or physical action. |
| semicolon | This punctuation is used to join two independent clauses that aren't joined by a conjunction. You can use this punctuation to correct a run-on. |
| verb | A simple predicate is always this part of speech. |
| adverb | This part of speech modifies verbs, adjective, or other adverbs. The words HERE and THERE are always adverbs. |
| preposition | This part of speech starts off a prepositional phrase. |
