| A | B |
|---|
| binary fission | process by which bacteria divide |
| centromere | point at which chromatids attach |
| chromatids | identical halves of a chromosome |
| homologous chromosomes | contain genes that code for the same traits |
| X and Y | sex chromosomes |
| diploid cell | cell with 2 sets of chromosomes |
| haploid cell | cell with one set of chromosomes |
| gametes | sex cells |
| sperm | male sex cell |
| egg | female sex cell |
| 46 | human diploid number |
| 23 | human haploid number |
| nondisjunction | results in receiveing too few or too many chromosomes |
| down syndrome | trisomy 21 |
| turner syndrome | lacking a sex chromosome |
| klinefelters syndrome | having an extra x chromosome |
| williams syndrome | damaged #7 chromosome |
| fragile x syndrome | damaged x chromosome |
| cri du chat | damaged #5 chromosome |
| prophase I | crossing over occurs here |
| metaphase I | homologs line up at the equator |
| metaphase II | chromosomes line up at the equator |
| anaphase I | homologs separate and go to opposite poles |
| anaphase II | chromatids go to the poles |
| telophase II | results in 4 haploid cells |
| oogenesis | uneven division of cytoplasm during this |
| spermatogenesis | occurs in males |
| fragmentation | asexual repro where body breaks into several pieces |
| polar body | small cell with very little cytoplasm |
| meiosis | process of gamete formation |
| karyotype | micrograph of chromosomes arranged in a special way |
| gene | segment of dna on a chromosome |
| chromatin | unwound form of chromosomes |
| zygote | fertilized egg cell |
| fertilization | process of egg and sperm uniting |
| xx | female sex chromosomes |
| xy | male sex chromosomes |
| autosomes | chromosomes not involved in sex determination |
| asexual reproduction | results in no genetic diversity |
| sexual reproduction | involves two parent cells |
