| A | B |
| gap | A low place between mountains |
| pioneer | An early settler of an area |
| consequence | Something that happens because of an action |
| impressment | The taking of workers against their will |
| national anthem | The official song of a country |
| nationalism | Pride in one's country |
| assimilate | To adopt |
| dictator | A leader who has complete control of the goverment |
| ford | To cross |
| manifest destiny | The idea that the United States was meant to stretch from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean |
| cession | Something that is given up, such as land |
| gold rush | A sudden rush of poeple to an area where gold has been found |
| forty-niners | Gold seekers who arrived in California |
| canal | A human-made waterway that connects bodies of water |
| lock | A part of a canal in which the water level can be raised or lowered to bring ships to the level of the next part of the canal |
| locomotive | A railroad engine |
| Industrial Revolution | The period during the 1800swhen machines took the place of hand tools to manufacture goods |
| cotton gin | A machine that cuold quickly remove seeds for cotton |
| interchangeable parts | Parts that can be made exactly alike by machines |