| A | B |
| Constantinople | the capital of the ancient Roman Empire and later of the Byzantine Empire |
| Constanintine | an emporer of the Roman Empire and the founder of Constaninople |
| Justinian | one of the greatest Byzantine emporers |
| Justinian's Code | an organized collection and explanation of Roman laws for use by the Byzantine Empire |
| schism | a split; particullarly in a church |
| Muhammad | the prophet and founder of Islam |
| nomads | people with no permanent home, who move from place to placein search of food,water, or pasture |
| caravan | a group of traders traveling together for safety |
| Mecca | an Arabian trading center and muhammad's |
| Muslim | a follower of Islam |
| Quran | the holy book of Islam |