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| President Roosevelt's prgram of relief, recovery, and reform aimed at bringing the U.S. out of the Depression was called the _____________. | New Deal |
| How was the Second Bonus March different from the first one? | The government gave them campsites and they were visited by Eleanor Roosevelt |
| In his inaugural address, what did Franklin Roosevelt say was "the only thing we have to fear?" | fear itself |
| This was the name given to to Roosevelt's radio program to tell the nation about his programs and purposes. | fireside chats |
| What did FDR promise the American public during the first 100 days? | bold, persistent, experimentation |
| What was one of the first steps that FDR took to restore public confidence? | Closed the nation's banks for four days |
| What did the Emergency Banking Act do? | it allowed Congress to inspect the health of all banks |
| What does FDIC stand for and what does it do? | Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) insured deposits up to $5,000 |
| What were Federal Works Programs? | government funded projects to build public facilities |
| What was the CCC or Civil Conservation Corp? | It was a conservationist program that maintained forests, beaches and pop |
| What did the Indian Reorganization Act do? | It stopped the sale of tribal lands that was started under the Dawes Act |
| What was the National Industrial Recovery Act? | it set up the National Recovery Administration, set industry wide codes that regulated working conditions, productions, and even prices. Also set minimum wage and gave employees bargaining rights. |
| What was the Federal Securities Act? | It required companies to provide information about their finances if they offered stock for sale |
| What does the Securities and Exchange Commission do? | regulates the stock market |
| This helped people refinance to reshape the terms of mortgages to make make them more manageable. | Home Owners Loan Corporation |
| This tried to raise farm prices through the use of subsidies or government assistance. They used a new tax to help farmers who raised certain crops or animals. | Agriculture Adjustment Administration |
| What was the Tennessee Valley Authority? | It helped farmers and created jobs in one of the country's most underdeveloped regions. It used hydroelectric power, created flood control, and recreational opportunities. |
| What was FDR's brain trust? | An informal group of intellectuals who helped devise policies. |
| She was the first woman to hold a cabinet position? | Francis Perkins |
| What cabinet positon did Francis Perkins hold? | Secretary of Labor |
| What two New Deal programs were declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court? | NIRA and the AAA |
| This was the name given to the bolder burst of legislation activity that FDR pushed through in 1935. | The Second New Deal |
| What did the National Labor Relations Act also called the Wagner Act do? | allowed them to bargain collectively, set up the National Labor Relations Board, and set up the Fair Labor Standards Act. |
| This act banned child labor and established a minimum wage for all workers covered under this act. | Fair Labor and Standards Act |
| What three types of insurance were offered under the Social Security Act? | old-age pensions and survivor benefits, unemployment insurance, and aid for dependent children, the blind and physically disabled. |
| Who did FDR defeat in a landslide election in 1936? | Alfred Landon |
| How did the New Deal affect women? | Many aspects of the New Deal legislation put women at a disadvantage |
| What two groups were not covered under the Social Security Act? | farmers and domestic workers |
| What happened with a bill to make lynching a federal crime? | it was defeated |
| Why did Roosevelt get support from African Americans? | He appointed more African Americans to positions than any other President and he did seem concerned about the fate of African Americans. |
| Who said the New Deal was unAmerican and full of Bolshevism? | American Liberty League |
| Who won the primary in California when he called for an economic system where the state would take over the factories and farms. | Upton Sinclair |
| Which two groups of people did not think the New Deal did enough? | Progressives and Socialists |
| leaders who manipulate people whith half truths, deceptive promises, and scare tactics are called ________. | Demagogues |
| He developed the Share the Wealth Plan | Huey Long |
| What was the Share the Wealth Program? | It said that the wealth of the U.S. needed to be redistributed. It limited personal wealth to $1 million and inheritance to $5 million and the government would get the rest through taxes. It would then give every American family $5,000 homestead allowance and a minimum $2,000 income. |
| What was Roosevelt's plan to pack the Supreme Court? | He thought he should be allowed to to appoint a justice for every justice over the age of 70. He would pack the court with people who supported him. This did not go through. |
| Why was there a recession in 1937? | Social Security came directly out of a person's income and then they had less to spend also FDR cut back on some of his federal programs. |
| Why did FDR cut back on some of his federal programs in 1937? | He was concerned about the mounting national debt. |
| The total amount of money the federal government has borrowed and has yet to pay back. | National Debt |
| Another name for income | revenue |
| What new labor organization was founded that welcomed all workers? | The CIO- Committee for Industrial Organization and later the Congress of Industrial Organizations |
| What main tool did the CIO use to get what it wanted? | the strike |
| What act had legalized collective bargaining? | The Wagner Act |
| What are sit-down strikes? | Strikes where laborers stopped work but refused to leave the workplace. |
| In 1939, the Supreme Court outlawed sit-down strikes, why? | they were seen as too powerful a weapon and an obstacle to negotiations. |
| What writers careers were launched during the 1930's? | Arthur Miller and Orson Wells |
| What group thought the federal theater project was a propaganda machine for international communism? | The House Un-American Activities Committee |
| What has been the lasting impact of the New Deal? | Many of the public works projects still stand today, TVA, FDIC, and SEC, are still around. Social Security, and the greatest achievement was to restore a sense of hope. |
| What event would ultimately bring the United States out of the Depression? | World War II. |
| Government funded building projects that would provide jobs | public works program |
| What did the Glass-Steagall Act do? | created the FDIC |
| This program paid farmers not to grow crops. | The AAA (Agricultural Readjustment Act) |
| This act required companies to provide information about their finances to the public if they offered stock for sale. | Federal Securities Act |
| What was the Share the Wealth Program? | It was proposed by Huey Long. It would put limits on personal wealth of $1 milllion and inheritance of $5 million. Anything above this would go to the government to help aid the poor. Every family would get $5,000 to buy a home plus an income of $2,500 a year. |
| He was known as the Radio Priest | Father Caughlin |
| He wanted pension plans for people over 60. | Dr. Francis Townsend |
| Which group said the new deal had gone too far, was anti-business, and smacked of Bolshevism | American Liberty League |
| This act stopped direct payments to Americans in need. They would work for pay. | Emergency Relief Appropriations Act |
| This was the largest peacetime jobs program in U.S. history | The Works Progress Administration (WPA) |
| Which group had a successful sit-down strike during the Great Depression? | The United Auto Workers |
| This provided eletricity to millions of farmers. | Rural Electrification Act |
| This program gave tenants and sharecroppers a chance to buy land of their own. | Farm Tenancy Act |
| British economist who argued that deficit spending could provide jobs and stimulate the economy. | John Maynard Keynes |
| This occurs when a government spends more money than it makes. | deficit |
| How did President Roosevelt treat most minorities? | Roosevelt's record for appointing women to positions was unmatched. He also appointed many African Americans |
| How did Southern Democrats feel about efforts to aid African Americans? | many of them opposed them. |
| Who wrote the Grapes of Wrath? | John Steinbeck |
| Who recorded images about the jobless people and the poor during the Great Depression? | Dorthea Lange |
| What program supported the arts, music and theater and helped to launch the careers of Burt Lancaster, Arthur Miller, and Orson Wells? | Works Progress Administration (WPA) |
| How successful was the New Deal in terms of relief, recovery, and reform. | New Deal programs did provide some relief and put some money in people's pockets. It was not as successful at economic recovery. Unemployment remained high. In terms of reform it was more successful and long-lasting. Programs like the FDIC, TVA, and SEC , Fair Labor and Standards Act, are still around today. Perhaps the greatest legacy of the Great Depression was that it gave people hope. |
| This act helped to establish a minimum wage law. | Fair Labor and Standards Act |
| This provided jobs to artists in the field of writing, theater, music, and visual arts. | Federal Project Number One |
| What wer e three main goals of the New Deal program? | relief, recovery, and reform |
| How did Roosevelt's philosophy differ from President Hoover? | He believed that the government should give direct aid in times of crisis. |
