| A | B |
|---|
| framing narrative | acts as a conceit for the organization of a set of smaller narratives either created by author or from previous stock of popular tales slightly altered by author for purpose of langer narrative |
| conceit | exaggerated comparison in literature |
| frame stories | often organized as a gathering of people in one place for exchange of stories; each character tells his/her tale and frame tale progresses in that manner |
| fabliau | medieval verse tale characterized by comic, ribald treatment of themes drawn from life |
| ribald (definition) | coarse and funny; humorous but rude and vulgar, often involving jokes about sex |
| fabliau | comic, usually anonymous tale written by jongleurs in 13th century France |
| typical fabliau concern... | cuckolded husbands, rapacious clergy, foolish peasants |
| fabliau example | The Romance of the Rose, which is a long medieval poem |
| three fabliau in Canterbury Tales | Shipman's Tale, Miller's Tale, Merchant's Tale |
| fabliau | generally concern lower class characters; the standard form has an older husband whose younger wife has an affair with a man of flexible social status |
| two major themes in fabliau | the idea of the unfaithful wife; the idea of the patient and suffering woman who is exalted |
| allusion | A reference in a literary work to a person, place, or thing in history or another work of literature |
| allusions often used to... | summarize broad, complex ideas or emotions in one quick, powerful image |
| example of allusion in Canterbury Tales | The Romance of the Rose |
| allegory | a symbolic work in which the characters and events are to be understood as representing other things and symbolically expressing a deeper, often spiritual, moral, or political meaning |
| The Romance of the Rose is an allegory of... | the art of courtly love |
| satire | A literary work that seeks to criticize and correct the behavior of human beings and their institutions by means of humor, wit, and ridicule |
| necessary ingredients of satire... | humor, criticism, moral voice |
| satire is a literary form that... | uses humor and irony to expose, diminish, attach human folly |
| direct (formal) satire | directly addresses reader through satiric persona |
| horatian satire | seeks to correct human behavior through GENTLE satire; speaker more amused by behavior it seeks to correct than offended by it |
| juvenalian satire | agressive in its ridicule; unforgiving in its moral judgment |
| indirect (informal) satire... | does not involve direct address |
| indirect (informal) satire commonly appears in form of... | a narrative |
| objects of satire in indirect (informal) satire... | are characters who make themselves and their opinions ridiculous or obnoxious by what they think, say, do |
| methods of satire | parody, caricature, exaggeration, diminutization |
| parody | work of literature that mimics another work of literature |
| caricature | exaggerated portrayal of weaknesses or humorous aspects of an individual/group |
| exaggeration as satire | portrayal of something trivial/unimportant as very important, usually to show its triviality |
| diminutization as satire | portrayal of something generally perceived as very important as trivial or unimportant |
| moods in satire | gentle or sympathetic; biting or angry |
| targets of satire | individual; group; system |
| principles of satire | irony (things are the opposite of what they seem); exaggeration (every idea and concept is carried to the extreme) |
| forms of satire | fantasy, mock heroics, formal proposal, praise/blame |
| fantasy (satire) | setting of satire is an imaginary world or time; fantasy softens the criticism by removing it from reality |
| mock heroics (satire) | a realistic problem or dispute is turned into a highly exaggerated epic battle |
| formal proposal (satire) | a serious, highly rational proposal for action is made unreasonable and exaggerated through satire |
| praise/blame (satire) | Something “bad” is praised without boundary; something “good” is cut to shreds |
| purpose of satire | to hold someone up to ridicule as an example to others |
| technique used in satire | irony |
| metaphor (definition 1) | a word or phrase that ordinarily designates one thing is used to designate another, thus making an implicit comparison, as in "a sea of troubles" |
| metaphor (definition 2) | One thing conceived as representing another; a symbol |
| example of metaphor in Canterbury Tales | pilgrimage; a metaphor for the journey of each individual through life |
| what is goal of the pilgrims' pilgrimage in Canterbury Tales | pilgrimage whose goal is to give thanks for renewed health |
