| A | B |
|---|
| middle class | a social group that is neither rich nor poor, but has enough money for cars, clothing, electronics |
| nationalism | feelings of strong loyaliteis toward your own country |
| pensioners | people who receive regular payments from the government because they are too old or too sick to work |
| infrastructure | system of roads and railways for transporting materials |
| smog | a thick haze of fog and chemicals often found hovering over large industrial cities |
| deposit insurance | system which will repay people who deposit their money in a bank if the bank goes out of business |
| missionary | people who move to another area to spread their religion |
| decree | rulings that have the force of law but do not need the approval of the legislature |
| czar | Russian emperor |
| communist state | country where the government controls the economy and society |
| collectivization | a system in which small farms were combined into large, factory-like farms run by the government |
| permafrost | a permanently frozen layer of soil beneath the surface |
| coup | an overthrow of the government by military force |
| autonomy | independence |
| privatization | the transfer of ownership of businesses from the government to individuals |
| serfs | farm laborers who could be bought and sold with the land |
| fossil fuels | oil, natural gas, and coal |
| oligarch | a member of a small group of rulers that holds great power |
| taiga | world's largest coniferous forests, stretches about 4,000 miles across the subartic zone |
| Cold War | period from late 1940s until 1990 when the U.S. and U.S.S.R. struggled for world influence |
| separatist movement | campaigns to break away from the national government and form independent countries |
