| A | B |
|---|
| Pathogen | microorganism that can cause disease |
| A pathogen invades and grows in a host | Infection |
| Disease | results when tissue function is impaired |
| Normal Flora | body's defense mechanism |
| What pathogen needs to cause disease | enter, adhere, invade, colonize, inflict damage |
| Salmonella typhi, Staphylococcus aureus | Bacteria |
| Cannot live apart from the host | Virus |
| Virus | has no metabolism and can't reproduce |
| Forms spores | Fungi |
| Ringworn, candida | Fungus |
| Protozoa | grows mainly in tropical environment |
| Acquired through contaminated food, water or bite of an arthropod (like mosquito) | protozoa |
| Helminth | invertebrate animal, some infectious parasite |
| Abdominal pain, diarrhea | Symptoms of Helminth infection |
| Respiratory paralysis, congestive heart failure | Causes of death from Helminth infection |
| Prions | causes degenerative disorders of the central nervous system |
| Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, mad cow disease | Examples of prion infection |
| Epidemiology | study of occurence of disease in populations |
| Leading cause of death in the world | Infectious Diseases |
| Disease reservoir | where infectious agent surgives |
| Rodents (rats) | disease reservoir for yersenia pestis (plague) |
| Soil | reservoir for Clostridium tetani (causes tetanus) |
| Transmitted by direct contact | ringworm, AIDS, trichinosis, influenza, rabies, malaria |
| Uses an enzyme to copy itself into the host cell | Viruses |
| Opportunistic infection | Yeast |
| Susceptible to opportunistic infection | immunocompromised persons (on antibiotics, on chemo, has AIDS) |
| Nonspecific defense mechanism | skin, low pH, high salinity, tears, saliva |
| Specific defense mechanism | immunity |
| Vaccination | produces immunity |
| Safe water methods | settling, filtration, chlorination |
| Mandated by US government | Sewage treatment and disposal |
| Parts of US Public Health Service | FDA, NIH, CDC |
| Provides international surveillance and control of disease | WHO |
| Rifampin | treats tuberculosis |
| Acyclovir | antiviral treatment of genital herpes |
| Emerging infectious diseases | only recently been recognized |
| Re-emergin infectious diseases | once major health problem, declined dramatically, now becoming health problem again |
| Legionnaire disease | Contributing factor was problems with cooling and plumbing systems |
| Gastric ulcers | Caused by Helicobacter pylori - causes stomach pain |
