| A | B |
|---|
| Pancho Villa | led a group of Mexican guerillas into the United States burning homes and killing Americans in opposition to the US overthrowing Huerta(the Mexican leader) |
| guerrilla | an armed band that uses surprise attacks and sabotage rather than open warfare |
| nationalism | feeling of intense pride in one's homeland |
| self-determination | idea that people who belong to a nation should have their own country and government |
| Archduke Franz Ferdinand | the heir the the Austro-Hungarian throne that was assassinated in June, 1914, in the Bosnian capital city by a Bosnian revolutionary |
| Allies | those fighting for the Triple Entente(France, Russia, Great Britain) and Italy(1915) & US |
| Central Powers | those fighting for the Triple Alliance(Germany, Austia-Hungary) and the Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria |
| propaganda | information designed to influence opinion |
| contraband | prohibited materials |
| U-boat | German submarines(from German word Unterseeboot-underwater boat) |
| Sussex Pledge | a promise made by Germany that it promised with certain conditions not to sink anymore merchant ships without warning |
| Zimmerman telegram | German official sent instructions to the German ambassador in Mexico to make an offer to the Mexican government to ally with Germany in the event of war between Germany and the US in return Mexico would regain its lost territory(Texas, New Mexico, & Arizona) after the war |
| conscription | forced military service |
| War Industries Board | coordinate the production of war materials |
| Bernard Baruch | appointed to the run the War Industries Board |
| victory garden | gardens planted by American citizens during war to raise vegetables for home use, leaving more for the troops |
| Liberty Bond | bonds sold during the war by the US |
| Victory Bond | bonds sold after the war by the US |
| Committee on Public Information | had the job of "selling" the war to the American people |
| espionage | spying to acquire secret government information |
| "no man's land" | space between opposing trenches that was rough, barren pockmarked with craters from artillery fire |
| convoy | a group that travels with something, such as a ship, to protect it |
| Vladimir Lenin | leader of the Bolshevik Party that became the Communist leader in Russia that pulled Russia out of the war |
| Treaty of Brest-Litovsk | treaty between Russia and Germany(that was seperate from the Treaty of Versailles) where Russia lost the Ukraine, Polish and Baltic territories, & Finlan but Germany agreed to leave the remaining Russian lands |
| armistice | a temporary agreement to end fighting |
| Fourteen Points | presented by Woodrow Wilson and called for the creation of the League of Nations |
| League of Nations | member nations would help preserve peace and prevent future wars by pledging to respect and protect each other's territory and political independence(promote peace in the world) |
| Treaty of Versailles | ended WWI-Germany was stripped of its armed forces and was made to pay reparations in the amount of $33 billion to the Allies, Germany must acknowledge guilt for causing WWI and the devastation caused by the war |
| reparations | payment by the losing country in a war to the winner for the damages caused by the war |
| cost of living | the cost of purchasing goods and services essential for survival(food, clothing, shelter) |
| general strike | a strike involving all the workers in a particular geographic location |
| Red Scare | fear that Communists or "reds" might sieze power caused this nationwide panic |
| A. Mitchell Palmer | US Attorney General whose home was bombed in Washington, DC by Communists |
| J. Edgar Hoover | head of the the General Intelligence Division which became the FBI |
| deport | to expel individuals from the country |
| Victoriano Huerta | a general in the Mexican military that overthrew the constitutional government in Mexico in 1913 |
| John J. Pershing | US General that led troops across the border into Mexico to find and capture Pancho Villa, he was also the leader of the American Expeditionary Forces in WWI |
| Triple Alliance | alliance between Germany, Italy, and Austria-Hungary |
| Triple Entente | alliance between Britain, France, and Russia |
| Balkans | region in southeastern Europe(Serbia, Greece, Albania, Montenegro, Bulgaria, Romania) |
| selective service | all men between the ages of 21-30 years must register for the draft |
| Army Nursing Corps | only women to serve in the army and the only women to be sent overseas during the war |
| daylight savings time | introduced to conserve energy |
| National War Labor Board | government established to prevent strikes from disrupting the war effort in March 1918-mediate labor disputes |
| "doughboys" | nickname for American soldiers that were inexperienced in warfare |
| Bolsheviks | a group of Communists that overthrew the Russian government(Menscheviks) in November 1917 and signed a separate peace treaty with Germany |
| Calvin Coolidge | governor of Massachusetts that fired police officers that participated in a strike in Boston and became President after Harding died-elected to own term in 1924 |
| Elbert H. Gary | head of US Steel that refused to talk to union leaders |
| Communist International | an organization for coordinating the activities of Communist parties in other countries |
| Kaiser Wilhelm | leader of Germany the was forced to abdicate(give up) his throne |
| Herbert Hoover | headed the food administration for the US during WWI |
| Woodrow Wilson | elected president of the US in 1912 and 1916 |
| George Clemenceau | leader of France |
| David Lloyd George | leader of Great Britain |
| Leon Trotsky | introduced communist government |
| Czar Nicholas II | Russian royalty that was overthrown by a revolution(the Menscheviks) |
| Black Hand | a Serbian nationalist group of which the assassin of Archduke Ferdinand was a member |
