| A | B |
| Assimilation | Becoming like the dominant culture |
| Modernism | Was seen as a threat to the Church and priests were required to take an oath against it |
| Americanism | Movement associated with Isaac Hecker |
| Ecumenism | Seeks dialogue with other Christian religions |
| Pope Pius XII | Pope during World War II |
| Virgil Michel | Called for active participation in liturgy |
| James Walsh | Founded Maryknoll Missionaries with Thomas Price |
| Thomas Merton | Famous U. S. monk |
| Katharine Drexel | Worked with Native and African Americans |
| Francis Cabrini | First U. S. citizen to be a saint |
| Therese of Lisieux | Patron Saint of the "Little Way" |
| Damien | Worked with the lepers in Hawaii |
| Cardinal Gibbons | Baltimore's advocate for American workers |
| Isaac Hecker | Wanted to "Americanize" Catholicism |
| Miguel Pro | Martyred in Mexico |
| Communism | Condemned by Pope Pius XII |
| Lateran Treaty | Agreement that the Pope would give up the Papal States |
| Pope Pius X | Encouraged daily Communion |
| Third Plenary Council of Baltimore | Called for parish schools |
| Assimilation | Minority groups become like the dominant culture |
| Otto Bismarck | Wanted to limit the Church's power in Germany |
| Mother Jones | Was a famous labor leader |
| Knights of Labor | Were an early Labor Union in the U.S. |
| Rerum Novarum | Pope Leo XII's encyclical on the conditions of working people |
| Karl Marx | Advocate of Socialism |
| Laissez-faire Capitalism | Advocates no restrictions on the production and use of wealth |