| A | B |
|---|
| Population | A group of organisms of the same species |
| Mutation | The cause of new genetic variation, can be harmful, beneficial, or neutral |
| Evolution | Change in organisms over a period of time |
| Fossil | Evidence of an organism's preserved in rock (usually) after it has completely decomposed |
| Peppered moth | Insect often used as an example of natural selection |
| Extinction | Happens to species which don't adapt to changes in their environment |
| Species | A group of organisms which can mate to produce fertile offspring |
| Sedimentary rock | Type of rock which contains fossils |
| Adaptation | A trait which helps an organism to survive |
| Evidence of Evolution | fossils, comparative anatomy, comparative embryology, comparative biochemistry |
| Divergent Evolution | Whenf two or more related species becoming less alike |
| Natural Selection | Individuals with advantageous variation are more likely to survive and reproduce. Favorable genetic traits accumulate in a population over generations. |
| Convergent Evolution | When unrelated species becoming more alike as they adapt |
| Adaptive Radiation | many related species evolved from a single ancestor |
| Archaeopteryx | Organism that was part reptile and part bird |
| Mass Extinction | When a huge number of species die off in a short period of time. Allows other soecies to thrive, usually followed by mass speciation. |
| Speciation | Process by which a new species arises. |
| Survival of the Fittest | Term used to describe Darwin's theory that means Natural Selection |
| theory | a well-tested explanation that unifies a broad range of observations |
| gene pool | all of the alleles in all the individuals that make up a population |
| artificial selection | selective breeding of domesticated plants and animals to produce offspring with desired genetic traits |
| genetic drift | change in the gene pool of a population due to chance |
| recessive lethal disease | a disease that is lethal (kill organism) if both recessive alleles are present |
| natural selection acts on | the phenotype of the organism |
| Microevolution | Microevolution happens on a small scale (within a single population) |
| Macroevolution | macroevolution happens on a much larger scale affecting new species |
| Species | a group of individuals that look similar and whose members are capable of producing fertile offspring in the natural environment |
| Pre-zygotic isolation | reproductive isolation prevents fertilization from occurring |
| Post-zygotic isolation | reproductive isolation prevents the formation of fertile offspring |
| Geographic isolation | population becomes divided by a barrier eventually vleading to the formation of 2 new species |
| Temporal isolation | occurs when the organisms mate at different times of the day therefore they cannot mate |
| Behavioral isolation | occurs when the organisms refuse to mate because of different courtship rituals |
| Reproductive isolation | Two organisms can mate and have offspring but the hybrid is not fertile, example liger |
| Some frogs of the same species only mate in the Spring time, some only in Winter. Eventually they will become different species because of _____________. | Temporal Isolation |
| Members of a squirrel species were suddenly separated by an earthquake forming a new river between the two groups. These squirrels will eventually become 2 different species because of _______________. | Geographic Isolation |
| Some of the females in a bird species only like males with Blue feathers and aren't really onto the males with orange feathers. Eventually these birds will become 2 different species because of _______________________. | Behavioral Isolation |
