| A | B |
|---|
| Nitrogen Bases | For example, adenine, cytosine, guanine, thymine |
| Double Helix | Watson and Crick found the structure of DNA to have this shape. |
| Replication | When DNA makes an exact copy of itself. |
| Codon | A triplet on mRNA. |
| Transcription | The process in which part of the nucleotide sequence of DNA is cpied into a complementary sequence of RNA. |
| mRNA | Carries the code from DNA to the ribosome. |
| tRNA | Brings amino acids to the ribosome. |
| Anticodon | A triplet on a tRNA, bonds to the codon. |
| Mutation | Any change in the DNA sequence. |
| Point Mutation | A type of gene mutation that will change in a single base pair of DNA. |
| Frame Shift Mutation | A type of gene mutation that will change if a single base is added or deleted from DNA ad causes a shift in the "reading frame." |
| Chromosomal Mutation | A mutation that affects a part of a chromosoe. ex. duplication, deletion, inversion, translocation. |
| DNA polymerase | An enzyme that unzips the double helix and starts replication using coomplementary base pairing rules |
| RNA Polymerase | Enzyme similar to DNA polymerase that separates the DNA strands and bonds to promoter sequence to begin transcription |
| Intron | Intervening sequence of DNA; does not code for protein |
| Hox genes | Series of genes that controls the organs and tissues that develop in various parts of an embro. |
| Exons | Expressed sequence of DNA; codes for a protein. |
| Transformation | Process in which one strain of bacteria is changed by a gene or genes from another strain of bacteria. |
