| A | B |
|---|
| What treaty ended World War I? | The Treaty of Versailles |
| How did the Treaty of Versailles affect Germany? | caused serious damage to the German economy, Germay lost a lot of territory including some important industrial areas, army was limited to 100,000 men, Rhineland was demilitarized, could not have submarines, no air force, only 6 battelships. Had to sign clause 231, the war guilt clause, that said they started the war. Germany was not allowed to unite with Austria, had to pay reparations to other countries which led to sever inflation. |
| What was the name of the government that was established in Germany after World War I? | the Weimar Republic |
| Who became the leader of Italy? | Benito Mussolini |
| Why was Italy angry over the Treaty of Versailles? | They had entered into the war late and were given very little land. |
| a government system that stressed the glory of the state and the rights and concerns of individuals were of little importance. | facism |
| government by a leader or group that holds unchallenged power and authority | dictatorship |
| What was Mussolini's nickname? | Il Duce |
| government that controls every aspect of a person's life | totalitarian |
| How does a totalitarian regime stay in power? | through the use of terror and suppression of individual rights to silence opposition |
| This was the nickname for Mussolini's Fascist thugs which helped to keep him in power. | The blackshirts |
| What country in Africa did Mussolini invade and take over. | Ethiopia |
| What country was Adolf Hitler from? | Austria |
| Why did Adolf Hitler enter politics? | He also was upset by the Treaty of Versailles |
| What was the name of the politcal party that became known as the Nazi's? | National Socialist German Workers Party |
| What was the Beer Hall Putsch? | When Hitler tried to seize power in Germany by force. |
| What was the result of the Beer Hall Putsch? | Hitler was sent to prison for five years in which he served nine months |
| What book did Hitler write while he was in prison that outlined his political ideas and th Nazi philosophy? | Mein Kampf |
| What ideas were contained in Mein Kampf? | believed in the racial superiority of the German people, blamed the Jews for many of Germany's problems, dreamed of uniting all Germans of Europe in a great empire, wanted to purify the Aryan race by removing those who were undesirable from Germany. |
| What characteristics did Hitler believed signified the Aryan race? | blonde hair and blue eyes |
| When did Hitler become the chancellor of Germany? | 1933 |
| This was Hitler's belief that the German people needed more living space. | Lebensraum |
| This is the name of the German Parliament. | Reichstag |
| How does Hitler move from Chancellor to Dictator? | He silences opposition, suspends civil liberties, and convinces the Reichstag to give him dictatorial powers. |
| What name does Hitler take on once he becomes a dictator? | Der Fuhrer |
| Who came to power in Spain during their civil war in the 1930's? | General Francisco Franco |
| Who led the Bolshevik revolution in Russia and established a communist government? | Lenin |
| Who comes to lead the Soviet Union during World War II? | Joeseph Stalin |
| Why did Japan want to expand their territory during this time? | Japan was a small group of islands that was rapidly growing crowded. Great Depression added to Japan's economic troubles, they wanted to expand their territory to gain greater access to wealth and resources |
| Without government approval, some Japanese generals invaded the Chinese province of _____________ to gain land and resources for Japan. | Manchuria |
| Why did Japan want Manchuria? | it was a mineral rich area |
| Who led the Chinese army? | General Jiang Jieshe |
| He led a communist opposition to Jiang Jieshe from within China. | Mao Zedong |
| Did the League of Nations intervene when Japan invaded Manchuria? | no |
| When Mussolini invaded Ethiopia, the Ethiopian emperor, Haile Selassie asked the League of Nations for help. Did they respond? | no |
| What were the two sides that were fighting in the Spanish Civil War? | the Nationalists and the Republicans |
| In the Spanish Civil War, which side did Germany and Italy send help to? | The Nationalists |
| During the Spanish Civil War, which side did the United States and the Soviet Union support? | the Republicans |
| At the start of the Spanish Civil War, who controlled the government? | The Republicans |
| Who won the Spanish Civil War? | Francisco Franco's Nationalists won and Spain came under the rule of a Fascist dictator |
| Why didn't the League of Nations take action when Japan took control of Manchuria and Italy and invaded Eithiopia? | the League of Nations had no miltary army or power to force member nations to obey international laws. |
| This was an area of the Rhine River Valley along the French border with Germany where Germany was not suppose to have troops. | The Rhineland |
| How did Hitler justify his invasion of the Rhineland? | He claimed that a recent French military agreement with the Soviet Union threatened Germany and he was helping to stop the spread of communism. |
| How did Britain and France respond when Hitler sent troops into the Rhineland? | they did nothing |
| What is Anschluss? | the union of Germany with Austria, which was forbidden by the Treaty of Versailles |
| How did Britain and France respond to the Anschluss of Austria? | they said it was between Britain and France |
| This was a German speaking portion of Czechoslovakia. | the Sudetenland |
| How did the world react to Hitler's takeover of the Sudentenland? | they met at Munich and allowed Hitler to annex the Sudentland. |
| What did British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain say about the treaty signed in Munich. | He said they had achieved "Peace for our time" |
| This is the policy of giving in to someone's demand in order to avoid a war. | appeasement |
| Six months after the Sudentenland, what did Hitler take over? | the rest of Czechoslovakia |
| How did Britain and France respond to the take over of Czechoslovakia? | They promised to protect Poland |
| How did Stalin respond to the take over of Czechoslovakia? | He signed the non-agreession pact or the Nazi-Soviet pact with Germany. |
| What benefit did the Nazi-Soviet pact have for each member? | For the Soviet Union, it would buy them more time to get ready to attack Hitler and Germany promised them land in Eastern Europe once it was conquered. For Germany, it allowed them to avoid fighting a two front war. |
| When did Hitler invade Poland? | Sept. 1, 1939 |
| Why did Hitler invade Poland? | He had dressed up a German Prisoner in a Polish uniform and had him shot outside the town of Gleiwitz and said that Poland had attacked Germany. |
| What military strategy did the German military use on Poland? | the blitzkreig or lightening war |
| How long did it take Germany to take over Poland? | about a month |
| Which British leader publically condemned Chamberlain's policy of appeasement? | Winston Churchill |
| Which countries were known as the Allies? | Britain, France, and the United States |
| This was the nickname given to the winter of 1939-1940 when Germany is silent on land, but the Soviet Union is invading Finland. | sitzkreig or sit-down war, also called the phony war |
| This was a massive system of defenses that was built by France in order to protect them from a German invasion. | the Maginot line |
| Did the Maginot line protect France from a German invasion? | no, they went around the Maginot line and invaded through the Ardennes forest. |
| In June of 1940, the Germans had trapped hundreds of thousands of Allied soldiers at which French port? | Dunkirk |
| This was the name given to the part of France under French control who cooperated with Hitler. | Vichy France |
| Who led the Free French from Great Britain? | Charles de Gualle |
| What was the name of the British Air Force? | British Royal Air Force of RAF |
| This was the name of the German Air Force? | Luftwaffe |
| What was the Battle of Britian like? | Hitler bombed London and set the city ablaze. |
| Who provided assistance in the form of supplies for Britain during the Battle of Britain? | the United States |
| In 1937, Japan began a war with China that was marked with great brutality. The Japanese troops massacred an estimated 200,000 to 300,000 Chinese in the capital of __________. | Nanjing |
| In 1940, Japan signed an agreement with Germany and Italy and they became known as the ________ powers. | Axis |
| In 1941, Japan takes control of French Indochina which threatens _________ interests. | American |
| What is Indochina? | A French colony in Southeast Asia that includes the modern-day countries of Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia |
| Who becomes the minister of war in Japan in 1941? | General Hideki Tojo |
| The desire to avoid involvement in foreign wars is called _____________. | isolationism |
| political group that favors political reform. Sometimes referred to as progressive. | liberals |
| political group that tends to preserve established traditions or policies. | conservatives |
| a person who does not believe in the use of military force. | pacifist |
| This was passed in 1935 to prevent the nation from being drawn into war as it had been in 1917. It imposed a general embargo on trading in arms and war materials with all parties in a war. It declared that Americans traveling on warring ships traveled at their own risk. | Neutrality Act of 1935 |
| This extended the Neutrality Act of 1935 and forbade all loans or credits to blligerents. It did not cover civil wars such as that in Spain and did not cover truck and oil. This allowed Texaco, Standard Oil, Ford, General Motors, Studebaker to sell items to Franco on credit. | Neutrality Act of 1936 |
| Why was committment to isolationsim so widespread in the 1930's? | After World War I, many Americans were afraid of being drawn into future foreign wars. |
| This was a belief that American should get involved in foreign affairs. | Intervention |
| Roosevelt said, "the peace, the freedom, and the security of 90% of the world is being jeopardized by the remaining 10%" He compared the spread of war to the spread of a contagious disease and such disease could only be stopped by __________. | quarrantine, which is why this is called the Quarantine speech |
| What was the cash and carry policy that was established by the Neutrality Law of 1937? | U.S. ships were prohibited from transporting any passengers or articles to belligerents, and U.S. citizens were forbidden from traveling on ships of belligerent nations. This time it also included countries involved in Civil War. It did allow countries at war to buy goods from the United States on a cash and carry basis. Countries at war could buy American goods if tehy paid cash and picked up their goods at American ports. |
| Why did President Roosevelt run for an unprecedented third term? | He thought the world situation required experience in the White House. |
| What is an arsenal? | a place you store weapons |
| Why did FDR want to make the United States an "arsenal of democracy" | He knew that the success of the war depended on America's ability to make enough bombers, tanks, uniforms, and war materials to supply Europe. Other countries in Europe ahd their factories destroyed. |
| What was the Lend-Lease Act? | It allowed the United States to send weapons to Europe regardless of their ability to pay. |
| This document was created when Roosevelt and Churchill met secretly. It proclaimed the shared goals of the two nations in opposing Hitler and the Allies. | Atlantic Charter |
| Soon after the fall of France, the Japanese demanded control of teh French colonies in _________. | Indochina |
| How did FDR respond to Japanese demands to take over French Indochina? | He froze all Japanese financial assets in the United States and cut off all trade with Japan. |
| Where is Pearl Harbor and what was it? | It was an American naval base in Hawaii |
| When was Pearl Harbor attacked? | Dec. 7, 1941 |
| What was the result of the Pearl Harbor attack? | All 8 battleships were damaged and 4 sunk, nearly 200 aircraft were destroyed, some 2,400 Americans were dead, 1,200 Americans were wounded. Japan lost only a handful of submarines and less than 30 planes. |
| How did the United States respond to the attack of Pearl Harbor? | On Dec. 8, 1941, FDR asks Congress for a declaration of war against Japan. On Dec. 11, 1941, Germany and Italy declared war on the U.S. |
| Why was Pearl Harbor targeted by the Japanese? | It was home to the U.S. Pacific Fleet |
| After the bombing of Pearl Harbor, what were Americans fighting for? | the four freedoms |
| What does it mean to mobilize an army? | bring the forces into readiness to fight |
| Who was the army Chief of Staff who led the mobilization effort? | George C. Marshall |
| What was the nickname for United States soldiers and what does it mean? | GI- which means government issue. It was stamped on all shoes, clothing and weapons. |
| This was the Navy program from women. | WAVES |
| this was the air force program for women. | WASPs |
| This was the largest program for women and was instituted by the army. | WAC's (Women's Auxillary Corp). They were full fledgd members of the army and were entitled to protection and benefits. They could serve overseas on nearly every task but combat |
| She led the WAC's and rose to the rank of colonel. | Oveta Culp Hobby |
| How did the United States mobilize for war? | increased spending, instituted the draft, women served, built new military bases |
| How did U.S. factories have to adjust during the war? | factories that produced consumer goods were converted to the production of military supplies. |
| What new type of ship did Henry Kaiser develop and what were they? | He developed liberty ships. These were ships that usually carried supplies or troops, but could be converted to hopsital ships. He used assembly line techniques and greatly reduced the time needed to build these ships. |
| What was the cost-plus system? | It was a way for the government to guarantee profits for businesses. The military paid teh development and production costs, plus a percentage of the costs as profits. Many business executives went to Washington to work in new government agencies. They were paid a dollar a year and remained on their old companies payroll. |
| Working women of the war wer represented by the symbolic figure known as ______________. The government used posters of her to attract women to the work force. | Rosie the Riveter |
| What was a woman's main motive for taking a job? | patriotism and to bring the men home faster. It was not for career advancement |
| Which war department office launched a recruitment campaign to get women to enter the workforce? | Office of War Information |
| What were some problems that working women faced during the war? | hostile reactions from other workers, had to worry about leaving their children alone, they earned less than men doing the same jobs, they began at the bottom because they lacked seniority |
| term for status that is earned through length of service. | seniority |
| What problems did working women face after the war? | government assumed once the war was over, women would go back into the home. day care centers were dismantled, returning servicemen expected their jobs back, a new campaign developed to encourage women to leave their jobs, |
| This was created to help settle labor disputes. | National War Labor Board |
| What was the Smith-Connally Act? | It gave the president the power to take over vital industries in the event of strikes. |
| This was the top secret mission to build an atomic bomb. | Manhatten Project |
| They became Americas first black military airmen. | Tuskegee Airmen |
| Who called for a march on Washington to protest the unfair treatment of African Americans? | A. Philip Randolph |
| Why was A. Phillip Randolph's march on Washington called off? | Presiend Roosevelt issued executive order 8802 outlawing the discrimination of African Americans in government or defense jobs. |
| What committee was created by Executive Order 8802 which heard complaints about job discrimination | Fair Employment Practices Committee |
| What was the Double V campaign? | A campaign launched by African Americans. The first v was for a victory agains the Allies and the second v was for victory in winning equality at home. |
| What was the Bracero Program? | a program which gave Mexian worker the chance to work in the United States. The U.S. arranged for the transportation, food, shelter, and medical care for thousands of braceros (workers) |
| Spanish speaking neighborhoods were called _______. | barrios |
| What were the zoot suit riots? | White sailors stationed in Los Angeles fought with groups of Mexican American youth during a week of terrible violence. They were upset because the Mexicans looked un-American wearing their zoot suits. |
| How did Native Americans contribute to the war effort? | they become code talkers and developed a secret code that was never broken. |
| Why is the battle of Dunkirk important? | it was one of the greatest rescues to ever take place in American History. 340,000 soldiers were carried across the English channel. |
| What did President Roosevelt call Dec. 7, 1941? | a date which will live in infamy |
| What are the four freedoms? | freedom of speech and expression, freedom for every person to worship God in his own way, freedom from want or need, and freedom from fear. |
| Which journalist described the attacks in the Battle of Britain in live radio broadcasts? | Edward R. Murrow |
