| A | B |
|---|
| meiosis | a process that produces gametes (reproductive cells) |
| zygote | this is produced when sperm and egg join |
| haploid | a reproductive cell that has half the chromosomes of the parent cell |
| nucleotides | DNA is made of many of these subunits (monomers) |
| three parts of a nucleotide | sugar, nitrogen base, phosphate |
| diploid | a cell with two full sets of chromosomes |
| fertilization | happens when sperm and egg join |
| crossing over | a source of variation that happens when pieces of homologous chromosomes are exchanged during Prophase I |
| replication | a process that creates a copy of DNA |
| deoxyribose | the sugar component of DNA |
| genetic variation | many different gene combinations in a population |
| tetrad | four chromosomes (two pairs of homologous chromosomes) |
| DNA polymerase | an enzyme that bonds free nucleotides in replication |
| DNA helicase | an enzyme that splits (unzips) the DNA strand |
| complementary | when two specific nitrogen bases bond together (G=C or A=T) |
| random alignment | how tetrads arrange themselves side by side in Metaphase I resulting in new combinations of DNA in the haploid cells |
