| A | B |
|---|
| T he antibacterial enzyme found in tears helps protect the eyes from pathogens | lysozyme |
| This substance traps pathogens that have entered the body through the mouth or nose. | mucus |
| These hairlike cells sweep trapped pathogens out of the body before they can cause infection. | cilia |
| Antibacterial properties of sweat and oil help make this organ an effective barrier to most pathogens. | skin |
| molecule that destroys antigens | antibody |
| molecule that is normally foreign to the body | anitgen |
| three types: helper, killer, and memory | T cell |
| engulf foreign particles | phagocyte |
| body attacking its own self | autoimmune |
| body's defense against foreign particles that get past the skin. | inflammatory response |
| The hormone histamine proetcts the body against foreign particles by cause blood vessels to (blank), promoting inflammatory response. | expand |
| Children can acquire passive immunity through an infection of a (blank) virus | dead |
| The starting point in the process of acquiring etiher antibody or cellular immunity begins when a (blank) | macrophage engulfs a pathogen |
| A mother can give her child passive immunity by transferring her (blank) to her fetus through the placenta. | anitbodies |
| Proteins in the outer coat of viruses and toxins secreted by bacteria are examples of (blank). | antigens |
| The binding of helper T cells to (blank) is necessary for helper T cells to become activated. | an antigen |
| The production of (blank) is the process responsible for long-lasting cellular immunity. | memory T cells |
| A (blank) stimulates the body to develop an artificial active immunity to a disease. | vaccine |
| If there are millions of bacteria in fungi in just a handful of soil, why don't you get an infection every time your hands get dirty? | Skin acts as a barrier to pathogens. |
| Why does active immunity tend to last longer than passive immunity? | Once the immune system has made antibodies to an antigen, as occurs with active immunity, it can quickly produce antibodies in the future if exposed to the antigen agian. Thus, active immunity may last a lifetime. If the immune system does not make its own anitbodies but receives them from an outside source, as occurs with passive immunity, the immunity lasts only as long as the anitbodies are present in the body. |
| Explain why the smallpox vaccine was so significant | It was the first vaccine to be developed; it resulted in the worldwide eleimination of a very deadly disease. |
| Why is it important that chemoterapeutic drugs be most effective against rapidly growing cells? | Most tumor cells grow faster than normal cells. |
