| A | B |
|---|
| The ability of living things to maintain a stable internal environment is called? | homeostasis |
| Disruption of homeostasis that impairs essential function is a(n)? | disease |
| A (blank) is a disease-causing virus or microscopic organism. | pathogen |
| An organism that carries disease from one animal or person to another is called a. | vector |
| The term (blank) refers to differnt forms of the same gene. | alleles |
| A person with two different alleles for a gene is said to be? | heterozygous |
| The disease caused by Plasmodium is? | malaria |
| Breaks down food substances into building blocks? | digestive |
| Removes wastes from the blood? | urinary |
| Helps cells maintain a balance of oxygen, water, and nutrients? | circulatory |
| Delivers oxygen and removes carbon dioxide? | respiratory |
| How many chromosomes does a child inherit from each parent? | 23 |
| What are the chances of a normal parent and a parent who is a carrier for sickle cell disease having a child with sickle cell disease? | zero percent |
| What can a Punnet square reveal? | The chances that a given birth will have a certain genetic makeup, the possible combinations of the parents' allesles, and the risk of a particular couple having a child with a certain genetic disease. |
| Relate the concept of homeostasis to disease, using diabetes as an example. | Disease results from disruptions of homeostasis that lead to impairment of one or more essentail body function. In diabtets, lack of insulin or inadequate response to insulin results in high levels of blood sugar as little energy is available to the cells. Thisleads to impairment of the digestive, urinary, and circulatory systems. |
| What is the statement true, "bacteria can kill us, but we can't live without them"? | The statement is true because some bacteria cause diseases that may be fatal, but many bacteria perform important functions that help maintain human life, such as helping with difestion and producing vitamins. |
| What lifestyle choices would you make if you wanted to reduce your risk of developing heart disease and cancer? | To reduce the risk of developing heart disease and cancer, a person should eat lots of grains, fresh fruits, and vegetables; limit salty and fatty foods; get plenty of rest and exercise; and avoid the use of tobacco and exposure to sunlight. |
| Stable internal environment | homeostasis |
| disruption of homeostasis | disease |
| spreads from person to person | communicable disease |
| cause of disease | pathogen |
| carries disease that infects another | vector |
| not caused by pathogens | noncommunicable disease |
| alternate form of a gene | allele |
| having two identical alleles | homozygous |
| having two different alleles | heterozygous |
| reproduces only inside a living cell | virus |
| What type of disease is African sleeping sickness-communicable or noncommunicable? How do you know? | African sleeping sickness is a communicable disease because it can be spread from one individual to another via a vector. |
| What seems to be the major difference in the spread of the two types of sleeping sickness? | Sleeping sickness infects only humans in West African, whereas in East AFrica it infects wild game animals and domestic animals as well as humans. |
| What role does the tseste fly play in the transmission of both types of sleeping sickness? | The tsetse fly is the vector of both types of sleeping sickness. As such, it transfers the disease from one animal to another. |
| Which tyes of disease can be spread through the air? | influenza |
| What route of infection is involved in the spread of dysentery and giardiasis? | water |
| Which disewases require vectors for their spread? | Lyme disease and malaria |
| Identify the processes that help maintain a constant internal body temperature in cold weather. | Three processes increase body temperature. The hypothalmus stimulates an increase in metabolism, which leads to the production of more body ehat. Shivering, or involuntary muscle contractions, also increase the amount of heat produced by the body. COntraction of capillaries in the arms, legs, hands, and feet conserves heat at the body's core. |
| Explain the apparent contradiction:"The cells of people with diabetes are starved for sugar, yet diabetics must strictly limit the amount of sugar they eat." | Diabetics are unable to get sugar into their cells, either because they lack insulin or because their cells are not responsive to insulin. Inxtead, any sugar from the food they eat remains circulating in the blood until it is removed by the kidneys and excreted. If they eat too much sugar, their blood sugar levels may get dangerously high. |
| Analyze facts that led to the shift from communicable to noncommunicable diseases as the major cause of death since 1900. | Vaccines, antibiotics, and other medical advances were primarily responsible for the decline in communicable disease death rates since the year 1900. As people survived these diseases, they lived longer, this exposed them for a longer peiod of time to environmental and lifestylef actors that led to the development of noncommunicable diseases, such as heart disease and cancer. |
