| A | B |
|---|
| nutrient | a substance in food that is used by the body for growth, maintenance, and repair |
| carbohydrates | the main source of energy for the body |
| simple sugars | glucose, fructose, and galactose |
| disaccharides | sucrose, lactose, and maltose |
| cellulose | the polysaccharide that cannot be digested by humans but it adds fiber to the diet |
| starch | the digestible polysaccharide found in plants |
| lipids | used to build cell membranes and myelin sheaths |
| proteins | made of amino acids and tend to be conserved by the body cells |
| vitamins | function as coenzymes |
| mechanical | examples of this type of digestion are chewing and churning |
| chemical | the type of digestion that uses enzymes |
| alimentary canal | consists of the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and anus |
| accessory | the ___________ digestive organs are the salivary glands, teeth, pancreas, liver, and gallbladder |
| mastication | chewing |
| parotid | the largest of the salivary glands |
| salivary amylase | the enzyme that starts the chemical digestion of starch in the mouth |
| pharynx | common passageway for food, fluids, and air |
| peristalsis | waves of muscle contractions that squeeze food along the digestive tract |
| esophagus | passageway from the mouth to the stomach that has no digestive role |
| rugae | large folds in the stomach |
| stomach | where the chemical digestion of proteins begins |
| gastric | the glands that produce pepsinogens and HCl |
| chyme | what food is called after it has been processed in the stomach |
| small intestine | the organ where the majority of digestion and absorption occurs |
| pyloric sphincter | controls food movement into the small intestine from the stomach |
| microvilli | projections of the plasma membrane |
| villi | fingerlike projections of the small intestine |
| circular folds | deep folds of the small intestine, AKA plicae circulares |
| haustra | the pouches that give the large intestine its segmented appearance |
| large intestine | dries out the indigestible food |
| appendicitis | results when bacteria accumulate in the extension of the large intestine |
| pancreas | produces enzymes capable of digesting carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins |
| liver | produces bile |
| bile | emulsifies fats |
| gallbladder | stores excess bile |
| metabolism | all chemical reactions that are necessary to maintain life |
| ulcer | an open sore in the stomach or small intestine usually caused by |
| bulimia | a serious, life threatening eating disorder that involves binging and purging |
| anorexia | a serious, life threating eating disorder that involves not eating and/or overexercising |
| hemorrhoids | swollen and inflamed veins in the anus and lower rectum |
| cirrhosis | a term used to describe scarring of the liver that occurs in response to chronic damage |
| hepatitis | a serious liver infection caused by a virus |
| kwashiorkor | a form of malnutrition that occurs when there is not enough protein in the diet |
| serosa | the outermost tissue layer of the alimentary canal |
| cardioesophageal | the sphincter that fails causing heartburn |
| Peyer's patches | collection of lymphatic tissue found in the submucosa of the small intestine |
| meat | _______ and fish are protein rich foods |
| bread | ______ and pasta are carbohydrate rich foods |
| gastric | the glands that produce hydrochloric acid and pepsinogen |
