| A | B |
|---|
| Shah | King ( used in Persia and Iran). |
| Orthodoxy | Traditional belief's especially in religion. |
| Anarchy | Political disorder ; lawlessness |
| Safavids | At the beginning of the sixteenth century, however, a new dynasty known as the Safavids took control, |
| Shah Ismail | The Safavid dynasty was founded by Shah Ismail, the descendant of Safi al-Din ( thus the name Safavid). |
| Shah Abbas | Under Shah Abbas, who ruled from 1588 to 1629, the Safavids reached the high point of their glory. |
| Riza-i-Abbasi | Riza-i-Abbasi, the most famous artist of this period, created exquisite works on simple subjects, such as oxen plowing, hunters, and lovers. |
| Zamindar | A local official in official in Mogul India who received a plot of farmland for temporary use in return for collecting taxes for the central government. |
| Suttee | The Hindu custom of cremating a widow on her husband's funeral pyre. |
| Babur | The founder of the Mogul dynasty was Babur. |
| Janissary | A solder in the elite guard of the ottoman Turks. |
| Pasha | An appointed official in the Ottoman empire who collected taxes, maintained law and order and was directly responsible to the sultan's court. |
| Gunpowder Empire | An empire formed by outside conquerors who unified the regions that they conquered through their mastery of firearms. |
| Sultan | 'Holder of power,'' the military and political head of state under the seljuk Turks and the Ottomans. |
| Harem | 'Sacred place,'' the private domain of an Ottoman sultan, where he and his wives resided. |
| Grand Vizier | The Ottoman sultan's chief minister, who led the meetings of the imperial council. |
| Ulema | A group of the religious advisers to the Ottoman sultan; this group administered the legal system and schools for educating Muslims. |
| Mehmet II | The Ottomans moved to end the Byzantine Empire. |
| Sultan Selim I | He took control of Mesopotamia, Egypt, and Arabia-the original heartland of Islam. |
| Sinan | Began building the first of his 81 mosques. |
