| A | B |
|---|
| CHEMISTRY | The branch of science that deals with atoms and their interactions |
| MATTER | Anything that has mass and occupies space |
| ELEMENTS | Cannot be broken down into simpler substances and are made of atoms |
| ATOM | Simplest functional unit of matter |
| protons | positive subatomic particle with mass of 1 |
| neutrons | uncharged subatomic particle with mass of 1 |
| electrons | negative subatomic particle with mass of 0 |
| ION | Charged atom |
| Solute | what is dissolved in a solvent |
| Solvent | what a solute is dissolved in |
| SOLUTIONS | Made from a solute dissolved in a solvent |
| pH | Number which refers to the conc. of H ions in a solution |
| ACIDS | Substance which releases H ions |
| BASES | Substance which absorbs H ions in solution by releasing hydroxide ions |
| BUFFERS | Substances which can release or absorb excess H ions to keep pH from changing |
| SALTS | Substances which release ions other than H ions or hydroxide ions |
| Organic compound | contains carbon and is made by living organisms |
| Major Organic Compounds | ?Carbohydrates |
| Monosaccharides | ?glucose |
| Disaccharides | ?sucrose |
| Polysaccharides | ?starch |
| FUNCTIONS OF CARBOHYDRATES | Energy storage & structure |
| TYPES OF LIPIDS | ?Triglycerides |
| FUNCTIONS OF LIPIDS | ?Long term energy storage |
| PHOSPHOLIPIDS | component of cell membranes |
| TRIGLYCERIDES | ?fates and oils used long term energy storage |
| STEROIDS | regulation of cell function |
| PROTEINS | Polymer composed of amino acids |
| collagen | Protein that functions in Structure |
| antibodies | Protein that functions in Defense |
| albumin | Protein that functions in Nutrition |
| insulin | Protein that functions in Regulation of cell functions |
| hemoglobin | Protein that functions in Transport |
| myosin | Protein that functions in Movement |
| lactase | Protein that functions in Control of chemical reactions |
| ENZYMES | Protein catalysts that control rate of chemical reactions & are not used up in chemical reaction |
| ACTIVE SITE | where substrate binds |
| SUBSTRATE | molecule that binds to the active site of an enzyme |
| NUCLEIC ACID | Polymer of nucleotides |
| DNA | Polymer of deoxyribonucleotides |
| RNA | Polymer of ribonucleotides |
| NUCLEOTIDE | ?are made of 5 Carbon sugar |
| DEOXYRIBOSE | sugar found in DNA nucleotides |
| RIBOSE | sugar found in RNA |
| ADENINE | Nitrogenous base found in DNA and RNA that binds to thymine |
| GUANINE | Nitrogenous base found in DNA and RNA that binds to cytosine |
| CYTOSINE | Nitrogenous base found in DNA and RNA that binds to guanine |
| THYMINE | Nitrogenous base found in DNA that binds to adenine |
| URACIL | Nitrogenous base found in RNA that binds to adenine |
| Vitamin | organic compounds that the body needs in small quantities for normal functioning |
| fat soluble vitamins | A, D, E, K |
| water soluble vitamins | B, C |
| minerals | Inorganic ions released through breakdown of electrolytes (salts) |
| essential amino aicds | tem amino acids that the body cannot synthesize |
| urea | Synthesized by the liver to reduce concentration of ammonia |
| Na (sodium) | mineral neededfor muscle and nerve function |
| Iodine | mineral needed for metabolism |
| Fe (iron) | mineral needed for gas transport |
| Zn (zinc) | mineral needed for enzyme function |
| P (phosphate) | mineral needed for bone matrix deposition |
| Essential fatty acids | linoleic acid, linolenic acid, arachidonic acid |
| catabolism | the breakdoen of large molecules into smaller components |
| anabolism | the biuling of larger molecules from smaller molecules |
| metabolism | all the reactions in the body, includes catabolic and anabolic reactions |
