| A | B |
| latifundia | huge estates bought up by wealthy Roman families |
| republic | a form of government in which people choose some of the officials |
| Ptolemy | the Hellenistic scientist who argued that the Earth was the center of the universe |
| heresy | a belief contrary to official Church teaching |
| dictator | a ruler who has complete control over a government |
| Virgil | the author of the Aeneid |
| mercenaries | foreign soldiers serving for pay |
| legion | the basic military unit of the Roman army |
| Augustine | a scholar who combined Christian doctrine with Greco-Roman learning |
| imperialism | the policy of establishing control over foreign lands and peoples |