| A | B |
|---|
| Reconquista | a campaign to drive Muslims from the Iberian peninsula |
| King John | the English king who signed the Magna Carta |
| scholasticism | the use of reason to support Christian beliefs |
| epidemic | an outbreak of rapid-spreading disease |
| lay investiture | the appointment and installation of bishops by non-clergy |
| Frederick Barbarossa | the Holy Roman Emperor who fought to control wealthy northern Italian cities |
| vernacular | the everyday languages of ordinary people |
| Crusades | a series of wars between Christians and Muslims for control of Middle Eastern lands |
| King Louis IX | a religious French king who improved royal government |
| illumination | artistic decoration of books in Gothic style |
