| A | B |
|---|
| Dominant trait | The trait or allele that is expressed. |
| Recessive trait | The trait or allele that is present but that is not expressed. |
| Progeny | Offspring. |
| Siblings | Brothers or sisters. |
| Punnett square | Used to represent genetic crosses. |
| Genotype | The genetic makeup of an organism. |
| Phenotype | The appearance of an organism. |
| Segregation | Separation of genes. |
| Incomplete dominance | A case of contrasting alleles in which one allele is only partially dominant over the other; also known as the blending inheritance. |
| Recombination | Mixing and recombining of genes. |
| Codominance | ”A case of contrasting alleles in which neither allele is dominant over the other, so both traits are visible |
| Gene linkage | When genes for two different traits are located on the same chromosome pair. |
| Crossing over | During synapsis, chromatids of chromosomes often twist around each other, break, exchange segments and then rejoin |
| Variability | The amount by which individuals in a population differ from one another due to their genes, rather than their environment. |
