| A | B |
|---|
| Berlin Wall | built by East Germany to separate Democratic West Berlin from Communist East Berlin |
| welfare state | a government with a capitalist economhy that takes responsibility for the social and economic needs of its people |
| detente | the relaxing of political tensions during the Cold War |
| deficit | the gap between what a government spends and what it takes in through revenue |
| dissident | a person who speaks out against the government |
| glasnost | Gorbachev's policy calling for political openness in discussing the Soviet Union's problems |
| perestroika | Gorbachev's policy calling for restructuring of government and the economy |
| service industry | a business that provides a service rather than a product |
| ethnic cleansing | Serbian policy of removing other ethnic groups in areas they controlled |
| Mikhail Gorbachev | Soviet leader whose reforms led to the end of the Soviet Union |
| Nikita Khrushchev | communist leader who controlled the Soviet Union for almost twenty years |
| Lech Walesa | head of Solidarity union in Poland; eventually elected president of Poland |
| Helmut Kohl | the architect of German unity (post WWII) |
| Charles de Gaulle | leader who restored France's power after WWII |
| Margaret Thatcher | prime minister who trimmed Britain's welfare state |
| Alexander Dubcek | leader of Czechoslovakia who introduced liberal reforms and was ousted by the Soviets |
| euro | a single currency for member nations of the European Union |
| Chechnya | province where rebels fought Russian troops |
| war crime | act that violates international rules of war |
| European Union | group of nations that promotes regional prosperity, peace and security |
| recession | period of reduced economic activity |
| coalition | temporary alliance of various political parties |
| Vladimir Putin | elected president through the first free elections in Russia's history in the year 2000 |
| Slobodan Milosevic | Serbian nationalist and president of Yugoslavia who began ethnic cleansing to rid the area of Muslims |
| Boris Yeltsin | president of the Russian republic after the breakup of the Soviet Union |
| Common Market | six nations that formed the European Community |
| chancellor | prime minister |
| IRA | Irish Republican Army |
| surplus | extra or excess |
| Afghan War | Soviets invaded Afghanistan to ensure Soviet influence in that neighboring nation |
| satellites | dependent states |
| Josip Tito | Yugoslavian leader who set up a communist government independent of the Soviet Union |
| Vaclay Havel | dissident writer and human rights activist who was elected president of Czechoslovakia |
| Nuclear Test Ban Treaty | banned the testing of nuclear weapons in the atmosphere |
| separatism | movement advocating that Quebec separate from Canada and become an independent nation |
| Imre Nagy | leader of Hungary who attempted to leave the Soviet bloc but was twarted by the Soviets |
| NATO | North Atlantic Treaty Organization |
| Tony Blair | British Prime Minister who strongly supported US foreign policy |
| Francois Mitterand | leader of French Socialists who tried to nationalize industries and expand welfare benefits |
| neo-Nazis | racist group in Germany who blamed immigrants for hard times and viciously attacked foreign workers |
| default | fail to make payments |
| Pope John Paul II | elected pope in 1978 after helping to end communism in Poland |
| Konrad Adenauer | chancellor who helped rebuild West Germany following World War II |
