| A | B |
|---|
| ecosystem | community of plants and animals with their environment |
| embargo | ban on trade |
| empire | group of states or territories controlled by one ruler |
| encomienda | right the Spanish government gave to its American colonists to demand labor or tribute from Native Americans |
| Enlightenment | 18th century movement that called for examination of previously unchallenged beliefs |
| environment | all of the surroundings and conditions in which living things exist |
| entrepreneur | person who takes financial risks to make a profit |
| ethnic cleansing | policy of killing or removing people of certain ethnic groups |
| ethnic group | large group of people who share the same language and cultural heritage |
| ethnocentrism | belief in the superiority of one's own ethnic group |
| euro | currency (money) used by members of the European Union |
| excommunicate | exclude from the Roman Catholic Church for refusing to obey church laws |
| exploit | to use a person or group for selfish reasons |
| extended family | a family that includes parents, children and other close relatives, often living near each other |
| extraterritoriality | right of foreigners to be protected by laws of their own nation |
| extremist | a person with political views far outside the norm |
| faction | small group |
| federation | joining together of nations in a league, group or other association |
| federal republic | government in which power is divided between the national government and the states |
| feudalism | system of government where lords rule their own land, but owe military service and support to a greater lord |
| fief | an estate granted by a lord to a vassal in exchange for service and loyalty |
| genocide | deliberate attempt to destroy an entire religious or ethnic group |
| gentry | wealthy, landowning class |
| glasnost | policy of openness started by Mikhail Gorbachev in the 1980s |
| Green Revolution | increase in agricultural productivity following the introduction of high-yield varieties of grains and improved management techniques |
| greenhouse effect | trapping of the sun's radiation in the Earth's atmosphere |
| gross national product | total market value of all goods and services produced by a nation |
| guerilla warfare | fighting carried on through hit and run raids |
| guild | association of merchants and artisans in the Middle Ages |
| habitat | area where an animal or plant normally lives or grows |
| hacienda | large estate or plantation in Spanish speaking countries |
| haiku | Japanese form of poetry with 3 lines and 17 syllables |
| hegira (hijra) | Muhammed's flight from Mecca to Medina in 622 |
| hajj | one of the Five Pillars of Islam; a pilgrimage to Mecca Muslims are expected to make once in their lifetime |
