| A | B |
|---|
| Jomo Kenyatta | Kenyan nationalist leader |
| National Liberation Front | used guerilla warfare to win freedom from France |
| Kwame Nkrumah | led the independence movement in Gold Coast |
| one-party system | a country having a single-political party with any likelihood of winning elections |
| mixed economy | combination of private and state-run enterprises |
| the Sahel | semi-desert region hit by drought in the 1980s |
| Ibrahim Babangida | imposed harsh economic reforms to restore stability in Nigeria |
| Ken Saro-Wiwa | Nigerian writer executed by the government |
| Julius Nyerere | embraced "African socialism" in Tanzania |
| Mobutu Sese Seko | built a brutal dictatorship in Zaire |
| Ali Hassan Mwinyi | became leader of Tanzania and introduced free-market reforms |
| ANC | African National Congress; formed to oppose white domination in South Africa |
| F.W. de Klerk | freed Nelson Mandela from prison in 1990 |
| Nelson Mandela | was elected president in South Africa's first multi-racial elections |
| SWAPO | South West Africa People's Organization; received help from the Soviet Union in their fight for independence |
